Module 11 - Endocrine Behaviors

Question 1

Physiological growth disturbances

Answer 1

Short stature, familial
Constitutional growth delay
SGA/IUGR

Question 2

epidemiology,

-3- -4- is characterized by decreased growth velocity and delayed skeletal maturation in the absence of other explanations.
Human -3- is produced by the -1-. Secretion is stimulated by -3–releasing hormone and inhibited by -2-. Features of infantile -3- -4- include normal birth weight and slightly reduced length, hypoglycemia (if accompanied by adrenal insufficiency), micropenis (if accompanied by gonadotropin deficiency), and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (if other pituitary hormone deficiencies present).

differential diagnoses, evaluation, and prognosis of a newborn, infant, child or adolescent with Growth Hormone Deficiency

Answer 2

1. anterior pituitary gland
2. somatostatin
3. Growth hormone
4. deficiency

Question 3

epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnoses, evaluation, and prognosis of a newborn, infant, child or adolescent with Disproportionate Short Stature

Answer 3

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Question 4

epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnoses, evaluation, and prognosis of a newborn, infant, child or adolescent with Syndromic (Down, Turner, Prader-Willi, Noonan) Short Stature

Answer 4

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Question 5

epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnoses, evaluation, and prognosis of a newborn, infant, child or adolescent with Psychosocial Short Stature

Answer 5

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Question 6

epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnoses, evaluation, and prognosis of a newborn, infant, child or adolescent with a Tall Stature Disorder

Answer 6

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Question 7

epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnoses, evaluation, and prognosis of a newborn, infant, child or adolescent with HYPOTHYROIDISM (CONGENITAL & ACQUIRED)

Answer 7

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Question 8

epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnoses, evaluation, and prognosis of a newborn, infant, child or adolescent with THYROIDITIS

Answer 8

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Question 9

epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnoses, evaluation, and prognosis of a newborn, infant, child or adolescent with HYPERTHYROIDISM

Answer 9

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Question 10

epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnoses, evaluation, and prognosis of a newborn, infant, child or adolescent with THYROID CANCER

Answer 10

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Question 11

epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnoses, evaluation, and prognosis of a newborn, infant, child or adolescent with T1D

Answer 11

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Question 12

epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnoses, evaluation, and prognosis of a newborn, infant, child or adolescent with T2D

Answer 12

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Question 13

epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnoses, evaluation, and prognosis of a newborn, infant, child or adolescent with Monogenic Diabetes

Answer 13

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Question 14

epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnoses, evaluation, and prognosis of a newborn, infant, child or adolescent with CF-related DM

Answer 14

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Question 15

best practice standards of primary health care and management of newborns, infants, children and adolescents with GHD

Answer 15

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Question 16

best practice standards of primary health care and management of newborns, infants, children and adolescents with DSS

Answer 16

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Question 17

best practice standards of primary health care and management of newborns, infants, children and adolescents with SSS (Down, Turner, Noonan, Prader-Willi)

Answer 17

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Question 18

best practice standards of primary health care and management of newborns, infants, children and adolescents with PSS

Answer 18

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Question 19

best practice standards of primary health care and management of newborns, infants, children and adolescents with TSD

Answer 19

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Question 20

best practice standards of primary health care and management of newborns, infants, children and adolescents with Hypothyroidism

Answer 20

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Question 21

best practice standards of primary health care and management of newborns, infants, children and adolescents with Thyroiditis

Answer 21

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Question 22

best practice standards of primary health care and management of newborns, infants, children and adolescents with Hyperthyroidism

Answer 22

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Question 23

best practice standards of primary health care and management of newborns, infants, children and adolescents with Thyroid Cancer

Answer 23

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Question 24

best practice standards of primary health care and management of newborns, infants, children and adolescents with T1D

Answer 24

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Question 25

best practice standards of primary health care and management of newborns, infants, children and adolescents with T2D

Answer 25

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Question 26

best practice standards of primary health care and management of newborns, infants, children and adolescents with monogenic diabetes

Answer 26

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Question 27

best practice standards of primary health care and management of newborns, infants, children and adolescents with CF-related diabetes

Answer 27

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Question 28

primary care pediatric nurse practitioners role in the management, support, and referral processes for children with a chronic illness/disease

Answer 28

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Question 29

Children with … typically have normal birth weight and length. In the first 2 years of life, their linear growth velocity decelerates as they near their genetically determined percentile. After this deceleration, the child’s linear growth will be parallel to the growth curve.

Answer 29

Familial short stature

Question 30

Children with -1- do not necessarily have short parents but have a growth pattern similar to those with -2- with a decline in linear growth velocity between ages 2 and 3 years. Subsequently, the child will have normal linear growth parallel to the growth curve; however, skeletal maturation and the onset of puberty are delayed. Growth continues beyond the time the average child has stopped growing, and final height is appropriate for target height.

Answer 30

1. constitutional growth delay

2. familial short stature

Question 31

SGA/IUGR

Answer 31

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Question 32

The ADA and the International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes recommend testing any youth who is -1- beginning at -2- and/or -3-, whichever is earlier, and who has 1 or more of the following additional risk factors (8)(9): 1) history of -4- or preexisting diabetes mellitus -5-, …

Answer 32

1. overweight (defined as a BMI ≥85th percentile for age and sex) or obese (BMI ≥95th percentile for age and sex)
2. age 10 years
3. puberty onset
4. maternal gestational
5. during the pregnancy

Question 33

…2) history of being -1- age, 3) member of a high-risk -2- group, 4) family history of T2D in a -3- degree relative, 5) signs of -4-, and 6) previously diagnosed as having a condition -5-

Answer 33

1. small for gestational
2. racial or ethnic (Asian, Native American, Pacific Islander, Hispanic, or African ancestry)
3. first- or second-
4. IR (usually acanthosis nigricans)
5. associated with IR (including central adiposity, polycystic ovary syndrome, dyslipidemia, or hypertension).

Question 34

-1- of T2D may or may not be a helpful guide because many children with T1D may also have a -1- of T2D. Thus, measurement of -2- is usually important in the differential diagnosis

Answer 34

1. Family history

2. diabetes autoantibodies

Question 35

Acanthosis nigricans is a dermatologic marker of -1-often seen in children with -2- because of IR.

Answer 35

1. hyperinsulinism

2. excess insulin release

Question 36

-1- is diagnosed when the -2- is greater than 600 mg/dL (>33 mmol/L), -3- is greater than 320 mOsm/kg (>320 mmol/kg), and -4- is not significant. It can lead to severe metabolic decompensation and coma and must be treated differently from DKA because it is associated with greater -5- and greater electrolyte loss with minimal ketosis.

Answer 36

1. Nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemia
2. blood glucose level
3. effective plasma osmolality
4. ketosis
5. dehydration

Question 37

Five-year outcome data in adolescents versus adults who underwent bariatric surgery in the Teen-LABS and the related adult LABS cohort studies found that adolescents sustained a -1- weight loss compared with adults that was maintained at 5 years but were -2- than adults to have sustained remission of T2D and -3-.

Answer 37

1. similar degree (26% vs 29%) of
2. significantly more likely (86% vs 53% & 68% vs 41%)
3. hypertension