Module 10 - Mental Health & Behavioral Disorders

Question 1

Universally, the onset of developmentally normative aggressive behavior begins at age -1- years.

Answer 1

2 or 3

Question 2

-1- and -2- are closely associated with excessive impulsive/defensive aggression as well as premeditated aggression.

Answer 2

1. Hyperdopaminergic states

2. hyposerotonergic states

Question 3

-1- also plays an inhibitory role in aggression. Specifically, activation of the -2- has been shown to decrease aggression in both animals and humans. Medications that either activate the -2-(benzodiazepines) or block the breakdown of -1- via -3- (valproate) are both associated with reduction of aggression.

Answer 3

1. GABA
2. GABA-A receptor subtype
3. GABA transaminase

Question 4

-1-, most notably -2-, are essential in mediating both impulsive and premeditated aggression.

Answer 4

1. Glucocorticoids

2. cortisol

Question 5

-1- and -2- also have centrally acting modulating effects on aggression.

Answer 5

1. Oxytocin

2. vasopressin

Question 6

Heritability of aggression is estimated to be between

50% and 60% for -1- aggression and approximately 30% for -2- aggression.

Answer 6

1. premeditated

2. impulsive

Question 7

In utero exposure to …, especially for boys, is linked to aggression in both childhood and adolescence.

Answer 7

cocaine

Question 8

Disruptions in … figures are correlated with longstanding aggression.

Answer 8

early life attachment

Question 9

In children and adolescents between ages 10 and 18 years, … remains the second leading cause of death.

Answer 9

homicide

Question 10

… describes chronic disregard for others’ well-being and behaviors that violate the basic rights of others.

Answer 10

Conduct disorder

Question 11

A new diagnosis, … disorder, is defined by severe frequent temper outbursts and chronic irritability.

Answer 11

disruptive mood dysregulation

Question 12

Children displaying behavioral changes with aggression or withdrawal without known triggers should be -1- that may not have -2- as aggression is common in children and adolescents with -3-.

Answer 12

1. screened for trauma
2. been previously disclosed
3. posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 13

–Risk Factors for Pediatric Violence–
Individual: History of aggression, active substance abuse, -6-, genetic syndromes, prenatal illicit substance exposure, -10-

Family: Authoritarian parenting

Peer: Peer substance abuse

Community/Environment: -26-, poor school connection or involvement, multiple placements or moves, -30-

Answer 13

6. Brain Trauma
7. Early Life Trauma
8. Disrupted placement
9. Low Socioeconomic Status
10. Access to guns

Question 14

During the interview, it is imperative to gather information from the -1-, -2-, and the -3- of his or her risk factors, protective factors, -4-, and -5-.

Answer 14

1. guardian
2. school
3. patient’s own description
4. triggers
5. active symptoms

Question 15

Early childhood school-based interventions for aggression are most effective when they focus on -1- and emphasizing the development of -2- rather than -3-, -4-, or -5-.

Answer 15

1. improving social skills
2. behavioral skills
3. changing thinking patterns
4. focusing on consequences
5. emotional regulation

Question 16

… intervention uses the ability to incarcerate an individual who does not comply with treatment.

Answer 16

Crisis intervention team

Question 17

-1- has the most empirical support in reducing aggression due to mental illness. Randomized controlled trials using -1- for youth of ages 10 to 16 years -2- anger and aggression, and -3- of anger episodes several months after intervention.

Answer 17

1. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
2. demonstrated significantly reduced
3. a sustained reduction

Question 18

The -1- -2- and -3- have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.

Answer 18

1. second-generation antipsychotics
2. risperidone
3. aripiprazole

Question 19

-1- has been shown to be effective in reducing excessive aggression associated with bipolar affective disorder and conduct disorder and has been used both alone and as an augmentation strategy to both -2- and -3-.

Answer 19

1. Divalproex
2. second-generation antipsychotics
3. stimulant medications

Question 20

For those with ADHD with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (a comorbidity associated with frequent and severe aggression), preliminary published controlled trials assessing aggression treatment with -1- either alone or in combination with a -2- have shown that these drugs have a positive effect in reducing aggression with a -3- profile.

Answer 20

1. an a-agonist
2. stimulant
3. low adverse effect