Module 1.1: Chemistry of Life - Cells, Atoms, Bonds

Question 1

CELLS

All living cells contain a

OBJECITVE 1

1/4

Answer 1

1. Cell Membrane
2. DNA
3. Ribosome

Question 2

CELLS

What is a Ribosome?

OBJECTIVE 1

2/4

Answer 2

Where proteins are made. Facilitates metabolism and cell function.

Question 3

CELLS

Eukaryote Cell

OBJECITVE 1

3/4

Answer 3

1. Multi-cellular
2. Larger
3. Linear DNA in nucleus
4. Nucleus
5. Membrane-bound organelles
6. Divide by mitosis and meiosis

Question 4

CELLS

Prokaryote Cell

OBJECTIVE 1

4/4

Answer 4

1. Uni-cellular
2. Smaller
3. Circular free-floating DNA
4. Nucleoid
5. No membrane-bound organelles
6. Divide by binary fusion

Question 5

ATOMS

What is an Atom?

OBJECTIVE 2

Answer 5

The smallest unit of matter.

Question 6

ATOMS

What is Matter?

OBJECTIVE 2

Answer 6

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Question 7

ATOMS

What is an Element?

OBJECTIVE 2

Answer 7

A pure substance
made of the same atom.

Question 8

ATOMS

What is a Compound?

OBJECTIVE 2

Answer 8

Molecules containing more
than one type of element.

Question 9

ATOMS

What is a Molecule?

OBJECTIVE 2

Answer 9

Groups of atoms held together
by chemical bonds.

Question 10

ATOMS

Atomic Number

OBJECTIVE 3

Answer 10

The number of protons (and electrons) in
an atom’s nucleus.

Same number of protons and electrons.

Question 11

ATOMS

Mass Number

OBJECTIVE 3

Answer 11

Sum of protons + neutrons in the
nucleus.

Question 12

ATOMS

What is Atomic Mass measured in?

OBJECTIVE 3

Answer 12

AMU or Dalton (Da)

Question 13

ATOMS

Inert Atoms

OBJECTIVE 3

Answer 13

• Atoms with a complete shell of valence electrons
• Not Reactive

Question 14

BONDS

Electronegativity

OBJECITVE 4

Answer 14

• Determines an atom’s attraction for electrons
• Higher EN = the more strongly atom pulls potentially shared electrons toward itself

Question 15

BONDS

Atomic Bonding depends on:

OBJECTIVE 4

Answer 15

1. Valence Electrons
2. EN

Question 16

BONDS

ΔEN
Nonpolar Covalent Bond

OBJECTIVE 4

Answer 16

0 - 0.4

Question 17

BONDS

ΔEN
Polar Covalent Bond

OBJECTIVE 4

Answer 17

0.4 - 2.0

Question 18

BONDS

ΔEN
Ionic Bond

OBJECTIVE 4

Answer 18

Greater than 2.0

Question 19

BONDS

Covalent Bonds

OBJECTIVE 4

Answer 19

• Sharing of electrons
• Between two atoms of similar EN
• Single, Double, Triple bonds

Question 20

BONDS

Ionic Bonds

OBJECTIVE 4

Answer 20

• Transfer of electrons
• Between two atoms of distinctly different EN

Question 21

BONDS

Cations

OBJECTIVE 4

Answer 21

• • charge
• Lose electrons

Question 22

BONDS

Anions

OBJECTIVE 4

Answer 22

• • charge
• Gain electrons

Question 23

BONDS

Polar Covalent Bonds

OBJECTIVE 4

Answer 23

• Uneven sharing of electrons
• Partial postive δ+ and negative δ-

Question 24

BONDS

Polar Bonds importance

OBJECTIVE 4

Answer 24

• Allows formation of H-Bonds
• Role in molecular interactions that help build biopolymers
• Integral to shape and function of proteins and DNA

Question 25

BONDS

Van der Waals

OBJECTIVE 4

Answer 25

• Attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of
  spontaneous charge separation.
• Momentary dipole in the atom

Question 26

BONDS

Van der Waals importance

OBJECTIVE 4

Answer 26

• Collectively strong in numbers
• EX: between the molecules of a gecko’s toe hairs and a wall surface

Question 27

BONDS

Hydrogen Bonds

OBJECTIVE 4

Answer 27

• Electrostatic attraction between polar compounds.
• H atom (partial postitive) is covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom (N,O,F)