Module 1.1: Biotechnology and its History Flashcards
Complete the following definitions of biotechnology:
- Manipulation of ___ or ___ to make ___ for humans.
- Manipulation of ____ of organisms to change their ____, ____, and ____.
- ____ and ____ technology used to produce new ____ in plants and animals.
- living organism; parts of living organisms; useful products
- genes; behavior; value; characteristics
- Cell; gene; characteristics
In ancient biotechnology, Sumerians and Babylonians utilized ____ to prepare ____.
Yeast; beer
In ancient biotechnology, Egyptians discovered a process to prepare ____ by means of ____.
leavened bread; yeast
Match the proponent/s with the discovery/theory during the Ancient biotechnology:
- Similar characteristics between parents and their offspring.
- All inheritance originates from the father.
- Discovered a process to prepare leavened bread by means of yeast.
- Utilized yeast to prepare beer.
Choices:
Sumerians and Babylonians
Egyptians
Aristotle
Socrates
- Socrates
- Aristotle
- Egyptians
- Sumerians and Babylonians
Refers to a theory positing that organisms arise from non-living matter.
Theory of abiogenesis
Match the proponent/s with the discovery/theory during the Classical biotechnology:
- Found that deliberate administration of smallpox could prevent its occurrence later in life, especially in children.
- First researcher to explain microorganisms such as protozoa and bacteria.
- Investigated blood circulation in capillaries using a microscope.
- Explained that plants and animals are similar in their reproduction, i.e. they reproduce sexually.
Choices:
William Harvey
Giacomo Pylarini
Marcello Malpighi
Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek
- Giacomo Pylarini
- Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek
- Marcello Malpighi
- William Harvey
This phase of biotechnology started when humans invented microscope.
Classical biotechnology
Match the proponent/s with the discovery/theory during the Classical biotechnology:
- Invented a technique using heat to can and sterilize food.
- Suggested the theory that puerperal fever could be transmitted from mother to mother by physicians.
- Discovered a procedure for keeping animal organs alive under in vitro conditions.
- Natural selection
- Discovered the pasteurization process.
- Established that a fungus was responsible for potato blight.
Choices
Heinrich Anton de Bary
Carl Ludwig
Nicolas Appert
Charles Darwin
Pasteur
Ignaz Semmelweis
- Nicolas Appert
- Ignaz Semmelweis
- Carl Ludwig
- Charles Darwin
- Pasteur
- Heinrich Anton de Bary
Difference between pasteurization and sterilization.
Pas - lowers bacterial load to acceptable limits
Ste - destroys all bacteria
What is the causative agents of puerperal (childbed) fever?
B hemolytic Strep
Causative agent of late potato blight
The Oomycetes, P. infestans (distinguished by its fungi-like characteristics but is note to contain small amount of chitin only)
Match the proponent/s with the discovery/theory during the Classical biotechnology (Genetics):
- Found that chromosomes (paired) contain certain elements which are transferred from one generation to another.
- Shared the same idea of separating X and Y chromosomes for the determination of sex.
- Found that several genes alter or modify the action of other genes.
- Started his investigation into fruit flies that would reveal that chromosomes have a defined role in heredity.
Choices:
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Edmund Beecher Wilson and Nettie Stevens
Sutton
William Bateson and R C Punnett
- Sutton
- Edmund Beecher Wilson and Nettie Stevens
- William Bateson and R C Punnett
- Thomas Hunt Morgan
Proteins and DNA were studied by means of ____.
x-rays
Is considered as the first biotech product.
Cortisone
The Rockefeller Foundation (New York) collaborated with the Mexican government to start the _____.
Mexican Agricultural Program