Module 11

Question 1

Paralleling technique is also known as ________, right-angle technique, or ________ technique

Answer 1

Extension Cone Paralleling (XCP)

Long cone

Question 2

The purpose of _______ is to acquire ______ and bitewing x-rays

Answer 2

Paralleling

Periapical (PA)

Question 3

In a PA you can see _______ beyond the apex of the tooth, to indicate _____ lesions, ________, tooth formation, ______, and eruption

Answer 3

2-3 mm
Periapical
Bone conditions
Periodontal disease

Question 4

The basic principles of paralleling is the receptor is placed _______ from the teeth, towards the _______ of the mouth, the central ray is _______ to the receptor, and the _______ must be used

Answer 4

Away 
Middle
Long-axis
Perpendicular
Beam Alignment Device

Question 5

The patient ______ hold the receptor

Answer 5

CAN NOT

Question 6

In order for PA to be diagnostic there must be no _______, show ______ crown, 2-3 mm beyond the ______ of the tooth, and have no _______

Answer 6

Root overlap
Entire
Apex
Distortions

Question 7

The easiest area to get root overlap is between the _____ and the ______

Answer 7

Canine

Lateral

Question 8

Paralleling requires use of a ________ instrument to position the receptor parallel to the ________

Answer 8

Beam Alignment

Long-axis of the tooth

Question 9

Examples of beam alignment devices include ________, Rinn flip-ray, eezee grip (________), stable bite blocks, precision paralleling devices, or ________

Answer 9

Rinn XCP
Snap-a-ray
Hemostat

Question 10

What size film do you use for an anterior PA?

Answer 10

1 or sometimes 2

Question 11

What size film do you used for a posterior PA?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

To achieve parallelism between the _______ and the tooth, the receptor must be placed ______ from the tooth, toward the _______ of the oral cavity

Answer 12

Receptor
Away
Middle

Question 13

The object-receptor distance may be _______ to keep the receptor _______ with the ______ of the tooth; this may cause slight _______ and ______ of definition result

Answer 13

Increased
Parallel
Long-axis
Magnification
Loss

Question 14

Increased object-receptor distance = increased _______

Answer 14

Image magnification

Question 15

How do you compensate for increased object-receptor distance?

Answer 15

Increase the target-receptor distance

Question 16

The target-receptor distance ensures _______ rays will be directed at the tooth and receptor to avoid image magnification

Answer 16

Parallel

Question 17

What type of PID is recommended for Paralleling technique?

Answer 17

Long PID

Question 18

What are the 5 rules for Paralleling technique?

Answer 18

1. Receptor placement: place film to cover the entire area you want to capture; including 2-3 mm beyond the apices
2. Receptor position: Film must be parallel to the long-axis of the tooth; usually have to place film closer to the midline
3. Vertical angulation: Central ray must be perpendicular to the receptor and long-axis of the tooth
4. Horizontal angulation: Central ray of the x-ray is directed through the contact areas between the teeth
5. Film receptor exposure: The beam must be centered on the receptor encompass entire film and avoid cone cuts

Question 19

List the advantages of Paralleling technique

Answer 19

Minimum image distortion
Minimum superimposition
Decreased exposure to thyroid and eye
Smaller exit dose
Standardization (especially when using film holding devices)

Question 20

List the disadvantages of Paralleling technique

Answer 20

Placement can be challenging
Discomfort for the patient
Long PID is preferred which increases exposure time

Question 21

What is the sequence for a FMX?

Answer 21

Anteriors first: Use size 1 film
Right maxillary canine across to the left maxillary canine
Left Mandibular canine across to the right mandibular canine 
Posteriors second: Use size 2 film
Right maxillary pre molar then molar
Left mandibular pre molar then molar
Left maxillary pre molar then molar
Right mandibular pre molar then molar

Question 22

There are ______ films and _______ BWX in a FMX

Answer 22

16

4

Question 23

On a PA the centrals/laterals should be ______ on the film

Answer 23

Centered

Question 24

The canines in a PA should be ______ on the film with no ______

Answer 24

Centered

Root overlap

Question 25

PAs of pre molars should capture the _______ half of the the DEJ of the _______ with an ______ root interface

Answer 25

Distal
Canine
Open

Question 26

On a PA of the molars the ______ half of the 2nd molar should be visible and the distal half of the 2nd ______

Answer 26

Distal

Pre molar

Question 27

Think about the _____ in the ______ when assembling XCP holders

Answer 27

Dot

Slot

Question 28

2 _______ may be added between the _____ and the _______ so the patient doesn’t have to bite down all the way

Answer 28

Cotton rolls
Film/image holding device
Opposing arch

Question 29

________ may be placed at the corners of the film to improve discomfort

Answer 29

Edge-Zee

Question 30

Use of two cotton rolls and increased vertical angulation (approx. 5-15 degrees) can help patients with a ________, but may get some image distortion

Answer 30

Shallow palate

Question 31

Long roots may need to slightly ________ vertical angulation or sacrifice a portion of the _______

Answer 31

Increase

Crown

Question 32

Sensitive or ‘tight’ mandibular anterior regions require use of _______ or _______ and advise patient that as they close, it _______ the floor of their mouth and will help a lot

Answer 32

Edge-eze
Roll film
Relaxes

Question 33

For Maxillary torus the receptor must be placed on the ______ side of the torus, not on the torus

Answer 33

Far

Question 34

For Mandibular torus the receptor must be placed between the ______ and the _______

Answer 34

Tori

Tongue