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module 1 > module 1.1 > Flashcards

module 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Having camouflage that matches an animal’s typical surroundings in order to provide protection from predators is an example of a(n) ____ explanation.

  • evolutionary
  • Functional
  • ontogenic
  • physiological
A

functional

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2
Q

Which of the following would be a physiological explanation for why birds sing?

  • Testosterone causes the growth of certain brain areas which control singing in certain birds.
  • Birds sing due to instinct.
  • Birds singe because they hear their song early in life and form a template which controls later singing.
  • Birds sing to defend territories and attract mates.
A

Testosterone causes the growth of certain brain areas which control singing in certain birds.

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3
Q

The use of certain behaviors for camouflage is something that would be covered with the ____ explanation.

  • Functional
  • ontogenic
  • evolutionary
  • physiological
A

functional

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4
Q

Biological psychologists are primarily interested in the study of the physiological, evolutionary, and ____.

  • social influence on attitudes
  • developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience
  • use of reinforcement to change behavior
  • mental well-being of plants
A

developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience

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5
Q

In certain species of songbirds, development of the song requires the opportunity to hear the appropriate song during a sensitive period in life as well as the genes to prepare them to learn the song. This is a(n) ____ explanation of birdsong.

  • physiological
  • Ontogenic
  • evolutionary
  • functional
A

Ontogenic*

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6
Q

A(n) ____ explanation describes why a structure of behavior evolved as it did.

  • Functional
  • ontogenic
  • physiological
  • evolutionary
A

Functional*

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7
Q

A(n) ____ explanation describes how a structure or behavior develops, including the influences of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions.

  • functional
  • Ontogenic
  • physiological
  • evolutionary
A

Ontogenic*

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8
Q

The field of biological psychology presents a range of career options in ____ and ____.

  • research; sociology
  • therapy; philosophy
  • research; therapy
  • therapy; sociology
A

research; therapy*

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9
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about genetic drift?

  • It occurs more often in large populations.
  • It occurs when species move to a new location.
  • It takes thousands of years to happen.
  • It occurs more often in small populations.
A

It occurs more often in small populations.

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10
Q

The amygdala appears to be an important part of the brain for experiencing fear. Which of the following is an example of a functional explanation of fear?

  • Describing the anatomical connections between the amygdala and other parts of the brain.
  • Describing the neurotransmitters involved in the activity of the amygdala
  • Describing why fear improves the chances for survival.
  • Describing how fears develop in infancy.
A

Describing why fear improves the chances for survival.

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11
Q

A(n) ____ explanation would describe eating in terms of the hypothalamus affecting insulin production, which affects the availability of glucose in cells.

  • Physiological
  • ontogenic
  • evolutionary
  • functional
A

Physiological

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12
Q

At the microscopic level, we find two kinds of cells in the brain: ____.

  • molecules and mitochondria
  • mitochondria and glia
  • neurons and glia
  • neurons and molecules
A

neurons and glia

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13
Q

The question “Given this universe composed of matter and energy, why is there such a thing as consciousness?” is called the ____.

  • cosmic force question
  • mind-body problem
  • universal question
  • biological problem
A

mind-body problem

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14
Q

A(n) ____ explanation of human behavior is often controversial, because many behaviors alleged to be part of our evolutionary heritage could have been learned instead.

  • physiological
  • ontogenic
  • Evolutionary
  • functional
A

Evolutionary

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15
Q

The sea dragon is a fish that looks and acts like kelp in order to attract its food. The explanation that proposed that this is due to genetic modification that expands smaller appendages already present in these fish’s ancestors would be the ____ explanation.

  • functional
  • Evolutionary
  • ontogenic
  • biological
A

Evolutionary

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16
Q

In a small population of sheep, the dominant male may produce many more offspring than the other males, spreading his genes. This is an example of …

  • a physiological explanation.
  • artificial selection.
  • genetic drift.
  • recombination.
A

genetic drift.

17
Q

A fundamental property is one that ____.

  • answers all questions
  • occurs only in certain parts of the nervous system
  • cannot be reduced to something else
  • cannot be explained
A

cannot be reduced to something else

18
Q

Explaining differences in running speed as a function of differences in muscle fiber types is an example of a(n) ____ explanation.

  • ontogenic
  • Physiological
  • evolutionary
  • functional
A

Physiological

19
Q

In most bird species, only the male sings and then only in his own territory during the reproductive season. This is to attract females and to ward off other males, which serves to improve their chances of mating. This behavior demonstrates…

  • that physiological explanations are preferred over other kinds of explanations.
  • learning during a critical period.
  • that physiological, ontogenic, evolutionary, and functional explanations are mutually exclusive.
  • how physiological, ontogenic, evolutionary, and functional explanations can all be used to explain the same behavior.
A

how physiological, ontogenic, evolutionary, and functional explanations can all be used to explain the same behavior.

20
Q

How human language develops as a result of genes and the opportunity to hear language during a sensitive period in early life is an examples of a(n) ____ explanation.

  • physiological
  • Ontogenic
  • evolutionary
  • functional
A

Ontogenic

21
Q

If a person believes that hormones released at different stages of the menstrual cycle affect a person’s mood, then it would be considered a(n) ____ explanation.

  • functional
  • ontogenic
  • Physiological
  • evolutionary
A

Physiological

22
Q

Chalmers’ fundamental “hard problem” is …

  • knowing why we sleep.
  • understanding how neurotransmitters are created.
  • wondering how someone can be a dualist.
  • knowing why and how brain activity is associated with consciousness.
A

knowing why and how brain activity is associated with consciousness.

23
Q

Consciousness does not occur when…

  • you are awake.
  • you are dreaming
  • you are daydreaming.
  • you are in dreamless sleep.
A

you are in dreamless sleep

24
Q

An evolutionary explanation of why we get goose bumps when cold is that …

  • the sympathetic nervous system is activated.
  • we inherited the mechanism from our remote ancestors who had more hair.
  • it keeps us warm.
  • children are often raised in cold environments
A

we inherited the mechanism from our remote ancestors who had more hair

25
Q

Which type of explanation describes how a structure or behavior develops?

  • Physiological
  • Ontogenic
  • Evolutionary
  • Functional
A

Ontogenic

module 1 (3 decks)

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