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health assessment > module 10: respiration > Flashcards

module 10: respiration Flashcards

1
Q

pulse oximetry

A

measures SpO2 (peripheral arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation)

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2
Q

this affects accuracy of reading

A

low hemoglobin; if SpO2 < 80%

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3
Q

ideal oxygen saturation

A

98-100%

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4
Q

normal oxygen saturation

A

95-100%

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5
Q

giving O2 in an emergency:

A

can administer when there is a clear clinical indication and then get order later; up to 2L nasal cannula or venturi mask

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6
Q

start O2 therapy is SpO2 is below

A

92%

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7
Q

humidified oxygen

A

used for high-flow O2 rates (>6L/min); uses distilled or sterile water to liquify secretions and hydrate mucous

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8
Q

venturi mask

A

delivers the most precise concentration of O2

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9
Q

oxygen delivery for very sick patients

A

non-rebreather and high-flow nasal cannula

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10
Q

nebulizer

A

disperses fine particles of liquid medication into respiratory tract; delver inhaled medications; continue until all of medication has been aerosolized

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11
Q

metered dose inhalers

A

deliver a controlled dose of medication with each compression; bronchodilators, mucolytic agents, corticosteroids

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12
Q

dry powder inhalers

A

small capsule or disk is inserted into dry powder inhaler and made into a powder; flow of med is activated by patient breath (powerful inspiration)

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13
Q

deep breathing

A

in through nose and out through mouth; used to overcome hyperventilation; exhale longer than inhale

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14
Q

pursed lip breathing

A

prolong exhalation by creating a smaller opening for air movement; can help feelings of dyspnea or panic

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15
Q

diaphragmatic breathing

A

breathe in letting abdomen protrude; breathe out through pursed lips while contracting abdomen muscles; reduces RR, increases alveolar ventilation, promotes effective expiration; kids are normally abdomen breathers; singers and sports; can help COPD

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16
Q

incentive spirometry

A

provides visual reinforcement for deep breathing; promotes optimal gas exchange and secretion expectoration; measures max inhalation in mL; inhale as much as possible, hold for 3 secs, exhale as much as possible

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17
Q

splinting

A

placing a pillow on abdomen over sutures during deep breathing or productive coughing post surgery

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18
Q

chest physiotherapy (CPT)

A

mobilizes/loosens secretions to increase mucus clearance; includes percussion, vibration, and postural drainage; not recommended for pneumonia, COPT or post-op

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19
Q

sputum culture

A

can be suctioned or coughed up

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20
Q

ventilation

A

moving air in/out of lungs

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21
Q

respiration

A

gas exchange between atmospheric air and alveoli

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22
Q

normal respiratory system requires:

A

integrity of airway system, functioning alveolar system, functioning cardiovascular system for perfusion

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23
Q

upper respiratory tract

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

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24
Q

lower respiratory tract

A

trachea, bronchi, lungs

25
Q

active phase of ventillation

A

inspiration; requires muscles to bring air into lungs

26
Q

passive phase of ventillation

A

expiration

27
Q

cigarette smoking impacts:

A

internal cilia of lungs

28
Q

anteroposterior diameter

A

diameter from posterior to anterior

29
Q

older adults have higher risk for pneumonia due to:

A

less effective airway clearance, hold onto secretions; less gas exchange due to dec. lung elasticity

30
Q

wheeze caused by

A

restricted airways; typically on expiration

31
Q

clear sputum

A

allergies

32
Q

green/yellow sputum

A

infection

33
Q

bloody sputum

A

lung cancer

34
Q

normal anteroposterior to transverse diameter

A

1:2

35
Q

barrel chest AP:transverse ratio

A

1:1, normal in infants

36
Q

pectus excavatum

A

congenital indent in chest

37
Q

pectus carinatum

A

congenital protruding of chest

38
Q

cheyne-stokes respirations

A

alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed by periods of apnea; regular right before death

39
Q

biot’s respirations

A

varying depth and rate of breathing followed by periods of apnea; irregular

40
Q

kussmaul’s respirations

A

hyperventilation caused by ketoacidosis; could be diabetes or for dying pt.

41
Q

point of maximal impulse (PMI)

A

location where the cardiac impulse can be best palpated on the chest; often the left 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

42
Q

adventitious

A

unexpected/abnormal

43
Q

bronchial breath sound

A

high pitched; inspiration shorter than expiration; heard over trachea

44
Q

bronchovesicular breath sound

A

medium pitch; inspiration same length as expiration; heard over main bronchi

45
Q

vesicular breath sound

A

low pitched inspiration longer than expiration; heard over peripheral lung fields

46
Q

often first respiratory sign of disease

A

decrease in rate and depth of breathing

47
Q

vesicular breath sounds become bronchial when:

A

there is fluid/mucus in areas that normally have vesicular sounds

48
Q

crackles

A

high pitched, discontinuous popping sound; fluid in the lungs; usually during inspiration; usually does not clear with coughing; associated w/ pneumonia and congestive HF; can be fine or coarse

49
Q

fine crackles

A

brief sounds, like hair rubbing together between fingers

50
Q

course crackles

A

louder, moist bubbling sounds

51
Q

crackle intervention

A

fluid restriction, diuretics; get extra fluid out of lungs

52
Q

wheeze

A

high pitched, continuous on inspiration or expiration, ex is more typical; musical/squeaking; caused by swelling of airway; heard in lower lungs; associated w/ asthma

53
Q

wheeze cause

A

air passing through narrow airways constricted by swelling, narrowing, secretions, or tumors

54
Q

sonorous wheeze

A

course wheeze that may clear with coughing

55
Q

wheeze intervention

A

bronchodilators, hydration, coughing

56
Q

stridor

A

high pitched, crowing sound typically on inspiration; associated with upper airway obstruction; associated with croup

57
Q

rhonchi

A

low pitched, continuous snoring or rumbling; usually inspiration and expiration; may clear with coughing; caused by secretions in the large bronchial airways

58
Q

rhonchi interventions

A

cough and deep breathing, hydration, humidified air, mobilization

health assessment (6 decks)

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