Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ob/Gyne 3 > Module 10 : Labour and Delivery > Flashcards

Module 10 : Labour and Delivery Flashcards

1
Q

what is labour defined as

A
  • uterine fundal contractions
  • progressive effacement and dilation of cervix
  • loss of mucous plug
  • a blood show
  • rupture of membranes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the characteristics of the first stage of labour

A
  • progressive cervical effacement and dilatation
  • descent of fetus into the maternal pelvis
  • regular contractions
  • duration varies 12-24 hours
  • normal progression of cervical dilation is about 1cm/hour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the characteristics of the second stage of labour

A
  • cervix is fully dilated to birth of baby (pushing)
  • variable times
    + average 50 minutes primigravida
    + 20 minutes multiparous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the characteristics of the third stage of labour

A
  • birth to expulsion of placenta
  • 10 minutes
  • oxytocin released
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the usually presentation of fetus for labour

A
  • vertex

- 4 % breech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is dystocia

A
  • difficult birth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is another name for dystocia

A
  • dysfunctional labour

- failure to progress = cervix not changing with contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are 3 causes of dystocia

A
  • disproportion between the fetal head and the maternal pelvis (head to big for maternal pelvis)
  • mass obstructing way
  • abnormal presentation or position
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are 3 associations with heavy bleeding

A
  • placenta previa
  • abruption
  • PROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 8 reasons for induction of labour

A
  • mild abruption
  • IUGR
  • post dates
  • amnionitis
  • PROM
  • maternal disease
  • fetal death
  • history of quick delivery but far from hospital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is meconium

A
  • black tarry substance in the neonates firs tbowel movement
  • should have first bowel movement after birth but can occur in utero if fetus is in distress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is fetus at high risk for is aspiration of meconium occurs

A
  • lung infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when is a c section performed

A
  • footling or incomplete breech
  • prolonged membrane rupture and no uterine contractions or labour has occured
  • fetal distress
  • dysfunctional labor
  • > 4kg weight
  • small maternal pelvis
  • social
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are 3 diagnostic tests done in about and delivery

A
  • lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (2:1 fetal lungs mature)
  • non stress test
  • fetal scalp blood gases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the post partum period

A
  • from placental expulsion to restoration of uterus to pre pregnant state
  • takes about 6-8weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the purpose fo post partum ultrasound

A
  • post partum hemorrhage
  • ?RPOC
  • infection
  • c section incision infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the characteristics of normal post partum uterus

A
  • length 15-25cm
  • up to maternal umbilicus
  • prominent vessels
18
Q

normal endometrium post partum

A

5-13mm

19
Q

norma postpartum adnexa

A
  • broad ligaments identified

- ovaries identified (large if breast feeding)

20
Q

what are 3 post partum abnormalities

A
  • hemorrhage
  • infection
  • RPOC
21
Q

what are the causes of post partum hemorrhage

A
  • acute (atony) = lack of muscle tone

- bleeding controlled by uterine contraction if uterus cannot contract bleeding occurs

22
Q

what is lochia

A
  • vaginal discharge of mucous, blood and tissue

- normal post partum occurrence

23
Q

what is associated with uterine atony

A
  • multi fetal pregnancy
  • macrosomia
  • prolonged labour
  • more than 5 full term births
  • rapid labour
  • poly
  • chorioamnionitis
24
Q

what increases post partum hemorrhage risks

A
  • prior c section
  • prior placental abnormality
  • maternal ae >35
  • prior myomectomy
  • endometrial defects - decider basalis
  • anterior placental previa with priori c section
  • PLACENTA ACRETA
25
Q

when does a placenta accreta occur

A
  • damage to the endometrium-myometrial interface
    + uterine scar
    + can occur in primigravida women with no surgical history but have uterine pathology
26
Q

what are three tricks to use to determine placental acreeta

A
  • clear zone between placenta and myometrium does it compress(bounce)
  • numerous placental lacunau
  • placental bulge thin myometrium
27
Q

what is a strong sonographic indicator for RPOC

A
  • echogenic heterogeneous mass = blood clots or infected material
28
Q

what is the clinical history for maternal infection post partum

A
  • increase temp
  • pain
  • endometritis
  • after rupture of membranes vagina becomes alkaline encouraging bacterial growth
  • treated with anti biotic
29
Q

what is the sonographic appearance of infection

A
  • overlapping appearance of endometritis and retained products
  • dilated uterine cavity with fluid
  • normal endo/uterus
  • gas in endo
  • BOTH FLUID AND GAS IN END
30
Q

what is. common complication from C section

A
  • infection at incision site
31
Q

what is the normal appearance of C section scar

A
  • small rounded anechoic area in anterior uterine wall

- look between the anterior wall fo the bladder and lower uterine segment

32
Q

where is a common location of hematoma and what do they look like

A
  • potential space between the bladder and uterus

- complex or anechoic mass >2cm adjacent to scar

33
Q

characteristics of abscess

A
  • wound infection
  • similar appearance to hematoma, may see gas bubbles
  • patient febrile
  • increased WBC
34
Q

what is female genital mutilation FGM

A
  • partial or total removal of the external genitalia or injury to the femal genital organs
35
Q

what is type I FGM

A
  • removal of clitoral glans
36
Q

what is type II FGM

A
  • removal of clitoral glans and labia minor
37
Q

what is type III FGM

A
  • narrowing of the vaginal opening with the creation of a covering seal by cutting and apportioning the labia minora or labia majora
38
Q

what is type IV FGM

A
  • all other harmful procedure to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes
39
Q

what are the complications of FGM

A
  • infection
  • urinary retention
  • menstrual retention
40
Q

ultrasound role in FGM

A
  • with type III FGM EV scan contraindicated

Ob/Gyne 3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions