Module 10: L:48 Adult Health Conditions

Question 1

Part 6 Cardiac Disorders

Answer 1

Part 6 Cardiac Disorders

Question 2

What should the nurse do for a client experiencing chest pain?

Answer 2

Stay with the client when the client is experiencing chest pain.

Question 3

How should the bed be positioned for a client with cardiac disorders?

Answer 3

The head of the bed is elevated for a client with a cardiac disorder.

Question 4

How often do we monitor vitals for a cardiac patient?

Answer 4

Vital signs are monitored and the apical heart rate counted for 1 full minute.

Question 5

What are some general education points for cardiac patients?

Answer 5

Teach lifestyle changes.
Instruct how to use their medication.

Question 6

What is coronary artery disease?

Answer 6

Narrowing or obstruction of one or more coronary arteries results from atherosclerosis, an accumulation of lipid-containing plaque in the arteries.

Question 7

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 7

A condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to buildup of plaque (fats) in the artery wall. Symptoms vary depending on the clogged artery.

Question 8

When do symptoms of coronary artery disease start to pop up?

Answer 8

Symptoms occur when the coronary artery is occluded to point that blood supply to the muscle becomes inadequate, causing ischemia.

Question 9

What can coronary artery disease lead to?

Answer 9

Coronary artery disease (CAD) results in hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and death.

Question 10

What is the treatment for coronary artery disease?

Answer 10

A low-fat diet, regular exercise, and medications such as cholesterol-decreasing medications

Question 11

What is the main goal of treating coronary artery disease?

Answer 11

To slow the atherosclerotic progression.

Question 12

What are some findings with coronary artery disease?

Answer 12

Findings may be normal during asymptomatic periods, but the affected client experiences chest pain, dyspnea, syncope, and excessive fatigue.

Question 13

What are some studies for tracking coronary artery disease?

Answer 13

Electrocardiology
CARDIAC Catherterization.
Blood lipid Testing.

Question 14

How does electrocardiography diagnose CAD?

Answer 14

When blood flow is reduced and ischemia occurs, ST-segment depression or T-wave inversion is noted; the ST segment returns to normal when blood flow returns.
With infarction, cell injury results in ST-segment elevation, followed by T-wave inversion.

Question 15

How does cardiac catheterization help diagnose CAD?

Answer 15

Catheterization, the most definitive source of diagnosis, shows the presence of atherosclerotic lesions.

Question 16

How does Blood lipid testing help diagnose CAD?

Answer 16

Blood lipids may be increased in the client with CAD.
Cholesterol-decreasing medications may be prescribed to reduce the development of atherosclerotic plaques.

Question 17

What are the three teaching areas of CAD?

Answer 17

Lifestyle changes,
Surgical Procedures,
Medications.

Question 18

What should we teach the patient about lifestyle changes with CAD?

Answer 18

Help the client identify risk factors (e.g., diet, sedentary lifestyle) that can be modified and set goals to promote lifestyle changes that will reduce the effect of these risk factors.

Teach the client to consume a low-calorie, low-sodium, low-cholesterol, low-fat diet with an increased amount of fiber.

Emphasize that dietary changes are not temporary and must be maintained for life.

Question 19

What does a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty help with CAD?

Answer 19

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is performed to compress the plaque against the walls of the occluded artery and dilate the vessel.

Question 20

How does laser angioplasty help with CAD?

Answer 20

Laser angioplasty vaporizes the plaque.

Question 21

How does atherectomy help with CAD?

Answer 21

n atherectomy, the plaque is removed from the artery.

Question 22

How does a vascular stent help with CAD?

Answer 22

A vascular stent may be placed to prevent the artery from closing and prevent further stenosis.

Question 23

How does coronary artery bypass grafting help with CAD?

Answer 23

Coronary artery bypass grafting is performed to improve blood flow to myocardial tissue at risk for ischemia or infarction resulting from occlusion of the artery.

Question 24

What are the four classes of drug that help with CAD?

Answer 24

Nitrates,
Calcium Cahnnel Blockers,
Statins,
Beta-Blockers

Question 25

How do nitrates help with CAD?

Answer 25

Nitrates are used to dilate the coronary arteries.

Question 26

How do calcium channel blockers help with CAD?

Answer 26

Calcium channel blockers are prescribed to dilate the coronary arteries and reduce vasospasm.

Question 27

How do statins help with CAD?

Answer 27

Cholesterol-decreasing medications slow the development of atherosclerotic plaques.

Question 28

How do Beta Blockers help with CAD?

Answer 28

Beta-blockers are prescribed to reduce blood pressure in clients with hypertension.

Question 29

What is angina?

Answer 29

Angina is chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia caused by inadequate myocardial blood and oxygen supply.