module 10 ethical and professional psychological research Flashcards
explain how Principles A, B and C in the APS Code of Ethics apply to all psychological assessment
The Code of Ethics B.14. Research can be found in General Principle B: Propriety. It specifically refers to the need for psychologists to comply with relevant codes, statements and guidelines while outlining the importance of accurate and ethical reporting of research data. A major message in all guidelines related to the ethical conduct of psychological research is non-maleficence.
In particular, this section of the Code states:
B.14.1 Psychologists comply with codes, statements, guidelines and other directives developed either jointly or independently by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), the Australian Research Council, or Universities Australia regarding research with humans and animals applicable at the time psychologists conduct their research.
B.14.2 After research results are published or become publicly available, psychologists make the data on which their conclusions are based available to other competent professionals who seek to verify the substantive claims through reanalysis, provided that:
the data will be used only for the purpose stated in the approved research proposal; and
the identity of the participants is removed.
B.14.3 Psychologists accurately report the data they have gathered and the results of their research and state clearly if any data on which the publication is based have been published previously.
locate the sections of The Code and Guidelines that promote ethical psychological research and how these coincide with the National Statement on the Ethical Conduct of Human Research
THE AUSTRALIAN CODE for the RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT of RESEARCH: (published by National Health and Medical Research Council 2018)
The principles (P1–P8) that are the hallmarks of responsible research conduct are:
P1 Honesty in the development, undertaking and reporting of research
* Present information truthfully and accurately in proposing, conducting and reporting research.
P2 Rigour in the development, undertaking and reporting of research
* Underpin research by attention to detail and robust methodology, avoiding or
acknowledging biases.
P3 Transparency in declaring interests and reporting research methodology, data and findings
* Share and communicate research methodology, data and findings openly, responsibly
and accurately.
* Disclose and manage conflicts of interest.
P4 Fairness in the treatment of others
* Treat fellow researchers and others involved in the research fairly and with respect.
* Appropriately reference and cite the work of others.
* Give credit, including authorship where appropriate, to those who have contributed to
the research.
P5 Respect for research participants, the wider community, animals and the environment
* Treat human participants and communities that are affected by the research with care and
respect, giving appropriate consideration to the needs of minority groups or vulnerable people.
* Ensure that respect underpins all decisions and actions related to the care and use of animals
in research.
* Minimise adverse effects of the research on the environment.
P6 Recognition of the right of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to be engaged in
research that affects or is of particular significance to them
* Recognise, value and respect the diversity, heritage, knowledge, cultural property and
connection to land of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
* Engage with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples prior to research being undertaken,
so that they freely make decisions about their involvement.
* Report to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples the outcomes of research in which
they have engaged.
P7 Accountability for the development, undertaking and reporting of research
* Comply with relevant legislation, policies and guidelines.
* Ensure good stewardship of public resources used to conduct research.
* Consider the consequences and outcomes of research prior to its communication.
P8 Promotion of responsible research practices
* Promote and foster a research culture and environment that supports the responsible conduct
of research.
RESPONSIBILITIES of RESEARCHERS;
Researchers will uphold the principles of responsible research conduct in all aspects of their research.
To this end, researchers will:
R14 Support a culture of responsible research conduct at their institution and in their field
of practice.
R15 Provide guidance and mentorship on responsible research conduct to other researchers or
research trainees under their supervision and, where appropriate, monitor their conduct.
R16 Undertake and promote education and training in responsible research conduct.
R17 Comply with the relevant laws, regulations, disciplinary standards, ethics guidelines and
institutional policies related to responsible research conduct. Ensure that appropriate approvals
are obtained prior to the commencement of research, and that conditions of any approvals are
adhered to during the course of research.
R18 Ensure that the ethics principles of research merit and integrity, justice, beneficence and respect
are applied to human research.
R19 Engage with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and respect their legal rights and
local laws, customs and protocols.
R20 Ensure that the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) are considered at all stages of
research involving animals and minimise the impacts on animals used in research and in so
doing support the welfare and wellbeing of these animals.
R21 Adopt methods appropriate to the aims of the research and ensure that conclusions are justified
by the results.
R22 Retain clear, accurate, secure and complete records of all research including research data and
primary materials. Where possible and appropriate, allow access and reference to these by
interested parties
R23 Disseminate research findings responsibly, accurately and broadly. Where necessary, take action
to correct the record in a timely manner.
R24 Disclose and manage actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest.
R25 Ensure that authors of research outputs are all those, and only those, who have made a
significant intellectual or scholarly contribution to the research and its output, and that they
agree to be listed as an author.
R26 Acknowledge those who have contributed to the research.
R27 Cite and acknowledge other relevant work appropriately and accurately.
R28 Participate in peer review in a way that is fair, rigorous and timely and maintains the
confidentiality of the content.
R29 Report suspected breaches of the Code to the relevant institution and/or authority
3Rs The 3Rs are three principles that underpin a systematic framework to achieve the goal of humane
experimental techniques. The principles are: Replacement of animals with other methods; Reduction
in the number of animals used; and Refinement of techniques used to minimise the adverse impact
on animals.
explain the purpose of the Plain Language Statement and the Consent Form in psychological research
When applying for human research ethics approval, researchers must supply a copy of the plain language statement and informed consent instruments to ensure research adherence to informed consent, participant autonomy and non-maleficence.
explain the purpose and functions of the Human Research Ethics Committees
The Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research, 2018 establishes a framework for responsible research conduct that provides a foundation for high-quality research, credibility and community trust in the research endeavour. Developed jointly by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), the Australian Research Council and Universities Australia, the 2018 Code has broad relevance across all research disciplines.
The 2018 Code is a principles-based document that explains the principles and responsibilities that underpin the conduct of Australian research. Adherence to the 2018 Code is a prerequisite for the receipt of funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council.
The National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research was developed jointly by the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Research Council, and the Australian Vice-Chancellors’ Committee in 2007. The purpose of the National Statement is to promote ethically good human research. Fulfilment of this purpose requires that participants be afforded the respect and protection that is due to them. It also involves the fostering of research that is of benefit to the community. The National Statement is therefore designed to clarify the responsibilities of:
institutions and researchers for the ethical design, conduct and dissemination of results of human research
review bodies in the ethical review of research.
Human Research Ethics Committees (HRECs) play a central role in the Australian system of ethical oversight of research involving humans. HRECs review research proposals involving human participants to ensure that they are ethically acceptable and in accordance with relevant standards and guidelines. There are more than 200 HRECs in institutions and organisations across Australia
explain the need for culturally safe practices in relation to psychological research with culturally diverse and Indigenous individuals.
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