Module 1 Vital Sign Powerpoint Flashcards
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
-maintains the core body temperature
-initiates responses to produce or conserve body heat
- increases heat loss to maintain a normal body temperature
What is considered a normal body temperature range?
-35.9 ‘C - 38 ‘C
-96.7’F - 100.5’F
What are the most accurate body temperature locations?
- Intracranial (brain)
- Intrathoracic (esophagus/heart)
- Intra-adominal (bladder)
What are factors affecting body temperature?
- Circadian rhythms
-age and biological sex - physical activity
- State of health
-environmental temperature
What is the medical name and definition of a fever?
- Pyrexia
- an increase in above normal temperature
Define febrile
- Somebody with a fever
What are the benefits of a fever?
- Destruction and susceptibility of disease causing microorganisms
What is the range for a normal temperature?
96.4 - 99.5
Define pulse
A wave of blood being pumped into the arterial circulation by the contraction of the left ventricle
Regulated by ANS
What is a normal pulse range?
60 -100 beats/min
Tachycardia
- High pulse / heartbeat
- > 100
Bradycardia
- Low pulse rate/heartbeat
- <60
Define dysrhythm
- Irregular rhythm
What factors affect pulse rate?
- Age and biological sex
- physical activity
- body temperatures/ stress
- medications
- disease
Define pulse deficit?
When the heart beats faster than the palpable pulse felt at distal and apical pulses
When is a Doppler ultrasound device used?
When a peripheral pulse can’t palpate
Define respirations
- The movement of gases in and out of the lungs (breathing)
What is the normal range of respirations?
12-20 breaths/min
Tachypnea
- High amount of breathing
- > 24
Bradypnea
- Low breathing rate
- <10
Cheyne-stokes/biot’s respirations
- Irregular respirations
Eupnea
- Normal unlabored respirations
Hyperventilation
Increase in rate and depth of respirations
Apnea
- Absence of breathing
Dyspnea
Difficulty of breathing
Orthopnea
Difficulty in breathing that occurs when supine position and is relieved upon changing to a high Fowler position
What factors affect respiratory rate?
- age
- exercise
- acid-base balance
- brain lesions
- increased altitude
- respiratory diseases
- anemia
- medications
- acute pain
Define blood pressure
- The force of moving blood against the arterial wall
- measured in mmHg
Define systolic pressure
- Numerator
- The pressure exerted in the arterial wall during ventricular contraction
Define diastolic pressure
- denominator
- The pressure exerted in the arterial wall when the ventricle relaxes
What does blood pressure reflect?
- Interrelationships between cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, blood volume, viscosity and elasticity
What is a normal blood pressure range?
120/80
Hypertension
- Above normal blood pressure
- > 130/80
Hypotension
- Below normal blood pressure
- <90/60
What are factors affecting blood pressure
- Age
- circadian rhythm
- biological sex
- food intake
-Exercise - weight
- emotional state
-Body position - drug/medications
