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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Module 1: transportation and defense > Flashcards

Module 1: transportation and defense Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is made up of

A

Plasma and formed elements

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2
Q

Blood functions to..

A

transport materials and heat body

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3
Q

Blood volume varies according to?

A

age, body type, sex, and method of measurement

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4
Q

The most abundant formed element of blood is

A

RBC

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5
Q

the term blood type refers to the type of ___ present on RBC membranes

A

antigens

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6
Q

Main function of RBCs

A

transport oxygen

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7
Q

Main function of WBCs

A

fights infection (immunity)

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8
Q

main function of platelets

A

clotting

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9
Q

general composition of plasma

A

90% water 10% protein

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10
Q

what type of tissue is blood

A

connective tissue

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11
Q

anemia

A

low RBCs

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12
Q

polycythemia

A

high RBCs

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13
Q

explain production of formed elements

A

hematopoietis

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14
Q

hematopoietis (hemocytoblast)

A
  • production of all the formed elements

- divisions/differentiations

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15
Q

describe the clotting process

A

step 1: platelets clump at the site of the punctured vessel and partially seal the hole
step 2: proteins are produced which form long threads of fibrin
step 3: fibrin threads wind around the clump of platelets completing the seal

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16
Q

Blood clotting occurs in how many stages?

A

3

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17
Q

another name for clotting

A

coagulation

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18
Q

the term blood type refers to the type of ___ present on RBC membranes

A

antigens

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19
Q

the human heart has how many chambers

A

4

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20
Q

the heart covering is called the

A

pericardium

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21
Q

A heart attack is also called a

A

myocardial infarction

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22
Q

muscle of the heart

A

myocardium

23
Q

The atria are often called receiving chambers because they receive _____.

A

blood from the veins

24
Q

Myocardium is thicker in the ventricles rather than the atria because…

A

it pumpes blood through the whole body

25
Q

4 major structures of the conduction system of the heart

A
  • the sinoatrial (SA) Node/pacemeker
  • the atrioventricula (AV) node
  • the AV bundle
  • the purkinje system
26
Q

which structure of the conduction system initiates signal or is the trigger? or pacemaker

A

the Sinoatrial (SA) Node

27
Q

The receiving chamber..

28
Q

the bottom chamber of the heart

A

ventricles

29
Q

the top chamber of the heart

30
Q

The pumping chamber of the heart…

A

ventricles

31
Q

AV

A

atrioventricular valves

32
Q

where is the AV found

33
Q

the myocardium is thickest around?

A

ventricles

34
Q

left side of the heart pumps blood to the body

A

systemic circuit

35
Q

right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs …

A

pulmonary circuit

36
Q

**3 types of blood vessels

A
  1. arteries
  2. veins
  3. capillaries
37
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart

38
Q

veins

A

carry blood towards the heart

39
Q

capillaries

A

sites of all exchanges of materials between blood and tissues

40
Q

3 types of capillaries

A

continuous, fenestrated and sinusoids

41
Q

veins have 3 layers but with …

A

less smooth muscle and connective tissue

42
Q

heart beat is also known as

A

cardiac cycle

43
Q

**5 phases of the Cardiac cycle:

A
  1. atrial systole
  2. isovolumetric ventricular contraction
  3. ejection
  4. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
  5. passive ventricular filling
44
Q

systole

A

contraction

45
Q

diastole

A

relaxation

46
Q

normal adult resting heart rate is

A

60 to 80 BPM

47
Q

heartbeat is regulated electrically by:

A

brain (medulla oblongata)

48
Q

the electrocardiogram

A

records hearts electrical activity

49
Q

**5 phases of the Cardiac cycle:

A
  1. atrial systole
  2. isovolumetric ventricular contraction
  3. ejection
  4. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
  5. passive ventricular filling
50
Q

do you understand any of this?

51
Q

**primary principle of circulation: blood flows because….

A

a pressure gradient exists between different parts of its volume

52
Q

what is the main factor affecting blood pressure

A

blood volume

  1. how easily blood flows through body
53
Q

stroke volume

A

volume pumped per heartbeat

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (3 decks)

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