Module 1: transportation and defense

Question 1

Blood is made up of

Answer 1

Plasma and formed elements

Question 2

Blood functions to..

Answer 2

transport materials and heat body

Question 3

Blood volume varies according to?

Answer 3

age, body type, sex, and method of measurement

Question 4

The most abundant formed element of blood is

Answer 4

RBC

Question 5

the term blood type refers to the type of ___ present on RBC membranes

Answer 5

antigens

Question 6

Main function of RBCs

Answer 6

transport oxygen

Question 7

Main function of WBCs

Answer 7

fights infection (immunity)

Question 8

main function of platelets

Answer 8

clotting

Question 9

general composition of plasma

Answer 9

90% water 10% protein

Question 10

what type of tissue is blood

Answer 10

connective tissue

Question 11

anemia

Answer 11

low RBCs

Question 12

polycythemia

Answer 12

high RBCs

Question 13

explain production of formed elements

Answer 13

hematopoietis

Question 14

hematopoietis (hemocytoblast)

Answer 14

• production of all the formed elements

- divisions/differentiations

Question 15

describe the clotting process

Answer 15

step 1: platelets clump at the site of the punctured vessel and partially seal the hole
step 2: proteins are produced which form long threads of fibrin
step 3: fibrin threads wind around the clump of platelets completing the seal

Question 16

Blood clotting occurs in how many stages?

Answer 16

3

Question 17

another name for clotting

Answer 17

coagulation

Question 18

the term blood type refers to the type of ___ present on RBC membranes

Answer 18

antigens

Question 19

the human heart has how many chambers

Answer 19

4

Question 20

the heart covering is called the

Answer 20

pericardium

Question 21

A heart attack is also called a

Answer 21

myocardial infarction

Question 22

muscle of the heart

Answer 22

myocardium

Question 23

The atria are often called receiving chambers because they receive _____.

Answer 23

blood from the veins

Question 24

Myocardium is thicker in the ventricles rather than the atria because…

Answer 24

it pumpes blood through the whole body

Question 25

4 major structures of the conduction system of the heart

Answer 25

- the sinoatrial (SA) Node/pacemeker - the atrioventricula (AV) node - the AV bundle - the purkinje system

Question 26

which structure of the conduction system initiates signal or is the trigger? or pacemaker

Answer 26

the Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Question 27

The receiving chamber..

Answer 27

atria

Question 28

the bottom chamber of the heart

Answer 28

ventricles

Question 29

the top chamber of the heart

Answer 29

atria

Question 30

The pumping chamber of the heart...

Answer 30

ventricles

Question 31

AV

Answer 31

atrioventricular valves

Question 32

where is the AV found

Answer 32

atria

Question 33

the myocardium is thickest around?

Answer 33

ventricles

Question 34

left side of the heart pumps blood to the body

Answer 34

systemic circuit

Question 35

right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs ...

Answer 35

pulmonary circuit

Question 36

**3 types of blood vessels

Answer 36

1. arteries 2. veins 3. capillaries

Question 37

arteries

Answer 37

carry blood away from the heart

Question 38

veins

Answer 38

carry blood towards the heart

Question 39

capillaries

Answer 39

sites of all exchanges of materials between blood and tissues

Question 40

3 types of capillaries

Answer 40

continuous, fenestrated and sinusoids

Question 41

veins have 3 layers but with ...

Answer 41

less smooth muscle and connective tissue

Question 42

heart beat is also known as

Answer 42

cardiac cycle

Question 43

****5 phases of the Cardiac cycle:

Answer 43

1. atrial systole 2. isovolumetric ventricular contraction 3. ejection 4. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation 5. passive ventricular filling

Question 44

systole

Answer 44

contraction

Question 45

diastole

Answer 45

relaxation

Question 46

normal adult resting heart rate is

Answer 46

60 to 80 BPM

Question 47

heartbeat is regulated electrically by:

Answer 47

brain (medulla oblongata)

Question 48

the electrocardiogram

Answer 48

records hearts electrical activity

Question 49

****5 phases of the Cardiac cycle:

Answer 49

1. atrial systole 2. isovolumetric ventricular contraction 3. ejection 4. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation 5. passive ventricular filling

Question 50

do you understand any of this?

Answer 50

NO

Question 51

**primary principle of circulation: blood flows because....

Answer 51

a pressure gradient exists between different parts of its volume

Question 52

what is the main factor affecting blood pressure

Answer 52

blood volume 2. how easily blood flows through body

Question 53

stroke volume

Answer 53

volume pumped per heartbeat