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ACOLS > Module 1 - Test 2 > Flashcards

Module 1 - Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the perforating pre-collectors located?

A

Parasternal, Paravertebral, Intercostals

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2
Q

What structure connects the endothelial cells of the lymph capillaries to the surrounding interstitial tissue?

A

Anchoring filaments.

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3
Q

How are large molecules able to fit into the lymph capillaries?

A

Lymph capillaries are larger than blood capillaries
They have a single layer wall of endothelial cells
The anchoring filaments pull up on the cell wall to open up “gates” when the pressure in the interstitial space is increased.

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4
Q

What is a lymph angion?

A

The segment of a lymph collector located between a proximal and distal pair of valves

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5
Q

When the lymph volume increases, what happens to lymphangiomotricity?

A

it increases

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6
Q

What is the main function of the lymph nodes?

A

To filter harmful material out of the lymph fluid

To produce and house lymphocytes and macrophages for immune system function

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7
Q

What happens to the lymph fluid as it passes through the lymph nodes?

A

it thickens

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8
Q

What structures form the medial femoral triangle where the inguinal lymph nodes are located?

A

Inguinal ligament
Gracilis muscle
Sartorius muscle

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9
Q

Which skin areas do the superficial Inguinal lymph nodes drain?

A

Legs
Lower quadrants
Exteral genetalia

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10
Q

Which parts of the body do the axillary lymph nodes drain?

A

The upper quadrants of the trunk

Upper extremities

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11
Q

The efferent vessels of the axillary lymph nodes converge to form which structure?

A

Subclavian Trunk

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12
Q

The lymph fluid in the subclavian trunk goes where?

A

Right venous angle

Left venous angle

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13
Q

What are the watersheds we utilize during treatment?

A

Upper horizontal
Sagittal
Lower horizontal
Gluteal

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14
Q

How many quadrants are on the trunk?

A

4

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15
Q

What is an inter-territorial anastamosis?

A

A connection between lymph collectors of two adjacent quadrants that crosses over the watersheds

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16
Q

Which anastomoses are commonly used in the treatment of lymphedema?

A

Anterior axillo-axillary (AAA)
Posterior axillo-axillary (PAA)
Axillo-inguinal/Inguinal-axillary (AI/IA)
Anterior inter-inguinal (AII)

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17
Q

Where is the axillo-axillary anastomoses (AAA) located?

A

Between the axillary lymph nodes crossing the sagittal watershed

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18
Q

Where is the anterior inter-inguinal anastomosis located?

A

Across the mons pubis, between the two iliac crests crossing the sagittal watershed

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19
Q

Where is the axillo-inguinal/inguinal-axillary anastomosis (AI/IA) located?

A

Between the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes, on the front of the body

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20
Q

Where is the posterior axillo-axillary anastomosis (PAA) located?

A

Just above T3, between the right and left axillary lymph nodes

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21
Q

Where is the posterior inter-inguinal anastomosis (PII) located?

A

On the sacrum

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22
Q

How much fluid returns to the right venous angle in 24 hours?

A

300ml

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23
Q

How much fluid returns to the left venous angle in 24 hours?

A

2-4 L

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24
Q

What parts of the body do the pelvic lymph nodes drain?

A

Internal organs, ovaries, testicles, and prostate

25
Q

What is the pathway of the lymph that comes from the intestines?

A

Gastrointestinal Trunk -> Cisterna Chyli -> Thoracic Duct -> Left Venous Angle

26
Q

Where is the cysterna chyli located?

A

Anterior to vertebrae T11-L2

27
Q

The venous angles are also known as what?

A

the terminus

28
Q

Which two veins form the venous angle?

A

Internal jugular and subclavian

29
Q

Which parts of the body drain into the right venous angle?

A

Right side of head, face, and neck
Right upper quadrant
Right upper extremity

30
Q

What is the largest lymph trunk in the body?

A

Thoracic Duct

31
Q

The lateral cervical triangle consists of which lymph nodes?

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

32
Q

What are the names of the four bundles in the hand?

A

Radial, Ulnar, Mesothenar, and Descending

33
Q

What are the names of the three forearm bundles?

A

Radial, Ulnar, and Medial

34
Q

What are the names of the two upper arm territories?

A

Lateral and Medial

35
Q

Where do the collectors of the lateral upper arm territory drain?

A

Axillary

Supraclavicular

36
Q

Where do the collectors of the medial upper arm territory drain?

A

Axillary

37
Q

Which upper arm territory do we utilize to help drain the arm in patients with Upper Extremity Lymphedema?

A

Lateral

38
Q

What are the two bundles of the lower leg?

A

Ventromedial and Dorsolateral

39
Q

To which lymph nodes does the ventromedial bundle drain?

A

Inguinal

40
Q

To which lymph nodes does the dorsolateral bundle drain?

A

Popliteal

41
Q

Which lymph nodes do the collectors in the anterior intercostals spaces drain to?

A

Parasternal

42
Q

Which lymph nodes do the collectors in the posterior intercostals spaces drain to?

A

Paravertebral

43
Q

Which part of the nervous system innervates the lymph collectors?

A

Sympathetic branch of the Autonomic Nervous System

44
Q

The percentage of water that becomes Lymphatic Load is also known as

A

Net Filtrate

45
Q

Initial lymph capillaries cover the entire body surface to form

A

The initial lymph vessel plexus

46
Q

Initial lymph capillaries cover the entire body surface to form

A

Lymphangiomotoricity

47
Q

Angions under normal physiological conditions usually contract how many times per minute?

A

10-12

48
Q

On the trunk Territories are called

A

Quadrants

49
Q

On the extremities territories are called

A

Bundles

50
Q

Upper quadrants drain into which lymph nodes?

A

Axillary

51
Q

Lower quadrants drain into which lymph nodes?

A

Inguinal

52
Q

Lymph from above the upper horizontal watershed drains into which lymph nodes

A

Cervical

53
Q

The majority of the lymph fluid in the body returns to where?

A

Left Venous Angle

54
Q

the thoracic duct perforates the

A

Diaphragm

55
Q

All of the collectors in the form converging and bottleneck at the

A

Anticubbital Fossa

56
Q

Lymph vessels can be found anywhere in the body where there is vascularization with the exception of

A

Neither, there are no exceptions

57
Q

Lymph capillaries are much denser where, therefore these areas usually don’t swell up

A

Palms of hands and soles of feet

58
Q

This increase in lymphangiomotoricity is referred to as

A

Lymphatic Safety Factor

59
Q

Describe the pathway of lymph once it leaves the deep inguinal lymph nodes via the efferent lymph vessels:

A

Pelvic Lymph Nodes -> Lumbar Lymph Nodes -> Lumbar Trunks -> Cisterna Chyli -> Thoracic Duct-> Left Venous Angle

ACOLS (3 decks)

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