Module 1 - Test 1 Flashcards
A body part is considered to have lymphedema when an abnormal accumulation of protein and water is present in the interstitial space due to a mechanical insufficiency of the lymphatic system.
T
Lymphatic fluid is rich in protein.
T
Lymphedema is usually unilateral and when it is bilateral it is always asymmetrical.
T
Lymphedema on extremities occurs usually bilateral.
F
The main purpose of the lymphatic system is to drain those substances that cannot be drained or reabsorbed by the circulatory system and returns them to the blood.
T
Proteins can be reabsorbed by the venous system because they are small enough to enter the membranes of the venous end of the capillaries.
F
Lymph fluid contained in the lymphatics of the intestinal system appears “milky” because of the content of fat.
T
Superficial lymphatic system is located above the fascia.
T
The interstitial fluid becomes lymph when it enters the lymph nodes.
F
The anatomy of the initial lymph vessel plexus is important to us as Certified Lymphedema Therapists because it allows us to re-route lymph to healthy areas in any direction.
T
Lymph nodes can regenerate.
F
Lymph collectors/vessels can regenerate.
T
Most of the axillary lymph nodes located between the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles.
T
The upper horizontal watershed separates the neck and shoulder territory from the territories of the arm and thorax.
T
The lower horizontal watershed starts at the umbilicus and follows the caudal limitation of the rib cage to the vertebral column, at the level of T12.
T
The sagittal watershed is located directly in the center/midline of the body, dividing the body into left and right.
T
The gluteal watershed is located in the anterior thigh; beginning at the top of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), running down the back of the thigh, and ending at the popliteal fossa.
F
Lymphatic territories are areas of the body that contain several collectors that drain towards opposite groups of regional lymph nodes.
F
We utilize anastamoses during treatment to re-route lymph fluid away from congested areas and towards healthy areas.
T
The lymph fluid from the right lower quadrant and right lower extremity drain into the right venous angle.
F
Deep breathing techniques are taught to patients in order to decrease the velocity of lymph flow through the thoracic duct.
F
The jugular chain is the anterior limitation of the neck triangle, the supraclavicular chain is the posterior limitation of the triangle, and the accessory chain is the inferior limitation of the triangle.
F
The sternocleidomastoid muscle forms the anterior border of the lateral cervical triangle.
T
The clavicle forms the posterior border of the lateral cervical triangle.
F
The upper trapezius forms the inferior border of the lateral cervical triangle.
F
The three chains of the lateral cervical triangle drain into the left or right venous angle.
F
It is fine to work the lateral territory on the upper arm area that is swollen due to removal of axillary lymph nodes because the lymph collectors drain also into the supraclavicular lymph nodes.
T
The collectors of the ventromedial bundle form a bottleneck behind the medial femoral condyle/medial aspect of the knee.
T
75% of the lymph from the mammary gland drain into the parasternal lymph nodes, and 25% drains into the axillary lymph nodes.
F
Before working on the swollen upper extremity, we need to decongest the trunk on the ipsilateral side.
T
External genitalia drain into the inguinal lymph nodes, and the internal reproductive organs drain into the pelvic lymph nodes.
T
Proteins are macromolecules and hydrophilic molecules.
T
There are usually 300-450 grams of protein in the blood at any given time.
T
Lymphedema usually manifests more in the deep lymphatic system.
F
The type of stimulation that activates contraction of the smooth muscles in the lymph collectors is a smooth, slow stretch.
T
The thoracic duct originates at the cisterna chyli.
T
What is edema?
An accumulation of water in the tissues
What are some common conditions that can cause edema?
a. Heart conditions
b. Pregnancy
c. Venous insufficiencies
What is the most common cause of lymphedema in the United States?
Breast cancer surgery
What is the most common cause of lymphedema in the world?
Filariasis
What are the four main components of the Lymphatic Load?
Water, proteins, cells/cell fragments, long-chain fatty acids
What represents the beginning of the lymphatic system?
Lymph Capillaries
What percentage of water is reabsorbed from the interstitial tissues back into the blood capillaries in a healthy body?
80-90%
What percentage of water remains in the interstitial space and becomes Lymphatic Load of water?
10-20%
How much lymph fluid is normally returned to the venous system in 24 hours?
2-4L
What percentage of the total circulating blood proteins leave the capillaries and move into the interstitial space in 24 hours?
50%
Where do the proteins end up after leaving the blood capillaries?
Interstitial space
How do proteins get back into the blood?
Lymphatic system
Which lymphatic structures filter lymph fluid?
Lymph nodes
Where does the fat portion of the Lymphatic Load come from?
Chylous vessels of the small intestine
Which structures comprise the superficial lymphatic system?
Initial lymph capillaries, precollectors, and lymph collectors
Where is the deep lymphatic system located?
Beneath the fascia
What is the purpose of the deep lymphatic system?
Drains the muscles and tendons
Drains the joints
Drains the inner organs
Which structures first pick up the Lymphatic Load and thus begin the lymphatic system?
Initial lymph capillaries
What is the purpose of the initial lymph capillary?
Lymph formation
What is the purpose of pre-collectors?
Connect superficial capillaries to superficial collectors
Where are the superficial collectors located?
In the superficial fatty tissue, above the fascia
What is the purpose of the collectors?
Transport lymph to lymph nodes and lymphatic trunks
What do perforating pre-collectors do?
Connect the superficial and deep lymphatic system
