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Ship Construction > Module 1 : Terminology > Flashcards

Module 1 : Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the directions on a vessel?

A

Longitudinal direction: foward (front, towards the bow) & aft/astern (back, towards the stern).
Transverse direction: port (left) & starboard (right)

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2
Q

What are the reference planes on a vessel?

A

Centreline plane: longitudinal & vertical (hull is symmetric about this plane)
Waterline plane: longitudinal & transverse (at even trim, parallel to the keel)
Midship plane (or amidships plane): transverse & vertical at midpoint between forward and aft perpendiculars

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3
Q

What are the reference lengths on a vessel?

A
  • Length overall (LOA)
  • Length between perpendiculars (LBP) -> forward perpendicular is taken at the intersection of summer load line and bow; aft perpendicular is taken from the rudder post. This measurement is used for stability and displacement calculations
    Length at waterline (LWL): depends on ship loading
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4
Q

Sheers

A

Purpose: reduce amount of water being shipped onto the deck & provide small amount of extra reserve buoyance
Sheer forward: measured vertically from the main deck to the peak of the tip of the bow. Approx 2/3 of total sheer.
Sheer aft: measured vertically from the main deck to the peak of the stern. Approx 1/3 of total sheer.

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5
Q

Sections of the vessel

A

Parallel mid-body: hull area and shape remain constant.
Forward of this: entrance (a measure of the bluntness of the bow - hydrodynamic flow)
Aft of this: run (the flow of water over the propellers - propulsion & turbulence)

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6
Q

Beams

A

B. Ext : outside of shell plate
B. = B. Mld. : inside of shell plate
Camber : vertical distance between the curve of the deck and the horizontal line from edge of deck, measured at centerline (removes water from deck)
Tumblehome: horizontal distance between the actual and theoretical side plate (reduces roll)
Round of the bilge: reduced longitudinal bending stresses, easier to plate
Rise of floor: vertical distance between flat of keel and angle of bilge (forces water to pool towards the keel)

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7
Q

Draft (d)

A

d Ext. : summer load line to lowest point of hull
d Mld. : summer load line to baseline at amidship
df: forward draft
da: aft draft
mean draft : df+da/2

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8
Q

Depth (D)

A

Moulded: from baseline to heel of deck beam
Depth = freeboard + draft

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9
Q

Freeboard

A

Purpose: vessel safety, reserve buoyance
Reserve buoyance: volume of watertight hull between waterline and freeboard deck, can include deckhouse and superstructure

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10
Q

Draft marks

A

At forward and aft, but long vessels will also have them at midship.
Metric: numbers (even) are 10 cm tall and placed 10 cm apart
Imperial: numbers (even) are 6” tall and places 6” apart

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11
Q

Hull markings

A

Load lines
Ship registration & flag state: process whereby ship is documented & given a nationality, is proof of ownership. Ship is subject to the law of its flat state. Could be actual home country or registration of convenience
IMO registration: unique 7 digit #, required on passenger ships over 100 gross tonnes and cargo ships over 300 gross tonnes.

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12
Q

Standard displacement

A

Volume of underwater hull (weight of water displaced) MINUS fuel & potable water

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13
Q

Displacement light

A

Mass of ship PLUS machinery, equipment, hull, operational fluids for machinery

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14
Q

Displacement loaded

A

Mass of ship PLUS cargo, fuel, crew, provisions.
Maximum displacement

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15
Q

Deadweight

A

Displacement loaded - displacement light
Important calculation for cargo ships

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16
Q

Lightweight

A

Actual weight of ship

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17
Q

Gross tonnage

A

Entire internal volume of a ship, total volume of all enclosed spaces

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18
Q

Compensated gross tonnage

A

Includes factor for ship size

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19
Q

Net tonnage

A

Around 75% of gross tonnage
Earning capacity/ useful space on ship.
Many factors: volume of cargo space, moulded depth, moulded draft, # of passengers

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20
Q

Ship motions (linear)

A

Longitudinal: surge
Transverse: sway
Vertical: heave

21
Q

Ship motions (rotation)

A

Longitudinal: Roll
Transverse: pitch
Vertical: yaw

22
Q

Ship material

A

Be able to recognize flat, angle, round, I beam, half round, T bar, offset bulb

23
Q

Ship framing

A

Longitudinal (vessels over 120m) gives more strength
Transverse (vessels under 120m)

24
Q

Stem

A

Forward-most part of bow, has an angle

25
Q

Flare

A

Outward curvature of the bow to keep deck dry
Wider = drier but need more energy to advance through water
Narrower = less energy to go faster, but less cargo space

26
Q

Bows

A
  1. Bulbous (curved)
  2. Plumb (flat)
27
Q

Sterns

A
  1. Transom (easier to construct)
  2. Cruiser (rounded)
28
Q

Sternframe

A

Cast, forged or fabricated section used to support the rudder, propeller shaft and propeller.

29
Q

Rake

A

Angle of inclination from vertical (funnel, mast) or horizontal (bow, keel)

30
Q

Double bottoms

A
  • Provides space between bottom hull plating & interior of the ship
  • Height determined by classification society rules
  • Provides a degree of safety against flooding in the even to hull damage
  • Significant contribution to longitudinal and transverse strength of ship
  • Convenient storage area
  • Helps with stability
  • Tank top acts as platform for machinery & cargo
31
Q

Poop deck

A

Aft-most deck above freeboard deck located right behind the main bridge superstructure

32
Q

Freeboard deck

A

AKA Main Deck
AKA Strength Deck
AKA Bulkhead Deck
Uppermost watertight deck

33
Q

Deck house

A

Structure on freeboard deck to serve as small storage or pump rooms.
Located near gangway

34
Q

Superstructure

A

AKA Deck erection
AKA Deck structure
All structures above freeboard with width within 4% of moulded breadth of vessel
Will house emergency equipment like generator and battery banks

35
Q

Bridge Superstructure

A

May be aft (cargo ships) or the majority of the length (cruise ships)
Includes accommodations, nagivation, communication, recreation

36
Q

Forecastle

A

Raised area in the bow, used for storage

37
Q

Chain locker

A

Area located under the windlass for storage of the anchor cable.
Ships generally have 2 anchors with a single locker whose space is divided in half
Accessible through the forecastle

38
Q

Bulkheads

A

Vertical partition, can be longitudinal or transverse
Used for strength, compartmentalization, protection against spread of fire/smoke & flooding

39
Q

Collision bulkhead

A

Forward location, heavy construction. Made to withstand impact damage & hydrostatic pressure of flooding

40
Q

Aft peak bulkhead

A

Rear-most transverse watertight bulkhead.
Generally serves as after-machinery space bulkhead to protect machinery from rear damage

41
Q

Deep tanks

A

Extend across full width of ship, deep in the vertical direction. Often used for fuel or water storage; can be used to trim/draft vessel

42
Q

Topside tanks

A

Used to keep vessel trim/list while loading & unloading

43
Q

Lower hopper tanks

A

Additional ballast space, slope cargo towards center for ease of collection

44
Q

Side tanks

A

Used for container ships & tankers when vessel isn’t carrying cargo

45
Q

Forepeak and aftpeak tanks

A

Used for precision trimming operations, irregular shapes
Forepeak: below chain locker
Concern: corrosion is not coated properly

46
Q

Cofferdams

A

Additional protection between 2 spaces/tanks.
Void space to note any leakage from either tank.
Failsafe mechanism

47
Q

Auxiliary machinery

A

Everything that isn’t the main engine

48
Q

Machinery space

A

Generally completely aft to shorten length of propeller drive shaft

49
Q

Funnel

A

Need way to vent out exhaust as high as possible and efficiently
Also provides intake for ventilation

Ship Construction (7 decks)

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