Module 1 (Skeletal And Dental Age)

Question 1

Which method is accurate for age determination in childhood?

Answer 1

Emergence and Mineralisation of teeth

Question 2

What is perikymata?

Answer 2

Incremental lines on surface of tooth enamel

Question 3

What is neonatal line?

Answer 3

A perikymata indicating live birth

Question 4

Age group of mixed dentition (permanent + decidious)

Answer 4

6 to 12 years

Question 5

What is Gustafson’s method?

Answer 5

Age estimation preferably for adults over 25 years

Question 6

What is in Gustafson’s criteria?

Answer 6

Attrition ( wear & tear of occlusal surface)
Periodontosis (regression of gums around teeth)
Accumulation of dentin in pulp (secondary dentin)
Transparency of root
Cementum deposition in incremental lines
Root resorption

Question 7

What is the criteria for age estimation by lamendins method?

Answer 7

Tooth length, periodontopathy, root translucency

Question 8

What is Palmer’s method or Palmers notation?

Answer 8

Method for dental numbering

Question 9

How is Palmers notation given?

Answer 9

1 to 8 numbered from centre to side on all 4 quadrants

Question 10

How is FDI notation done for teeth?

Answer 10

The left digit represents the quadrant number (1,2,3, 4) & the right digit represents tooth number(1,. 2.3,4, 5,6,7,8 9,10)
Right upper -1st quadrant
Left upper -2nd quadrant
Left lower - 3rd quadrant
Right lower - 4th quadrant

Example - right upper canine is 13, left lower first molar is 36

Question 11

What is the modified FDI notation?

Answer 11

In this,
the right upper - 1st quadrant
Left upper - 2nd quadrant
Right lower - 3rd quadrant
Left lower - 4th quadrant

Question 12

Age of skull suture fusion years

Answer 12

Metopic suture - 2 to 4 years
Spheno-occipital suture - 18 to 22 years
Posterior third of sagittal suture - 30 to 40 years
Anterior third of sagittal suture - 40 to 50 years
Coronal suture - 40 to 50 years
Middle third of sagittal suture - 50 to 60 years
Sphenotemporal suture - 50 to 60 years
Squamous temporal suture- >80 years

Question 13

Reliable method for age estimation in adults?

Answer 13

Pubic symphysis degenerative changes

Question 14

Which are the Secondary ossification centres already present during birth

Answer 14

Calcaneus, talus, distal femur, proximal tibia, cuboid, head of humerus

Question 15

Age of carpal bones ossification chronologically

Answer 15

Capitate (1 to 3 months)>
hamate (2 to 4 months)>
triquetrum (2 to 3 years)>
lunate ( 2 to 4 years)>
scaphoid (4 to 6 years) >
trapezium ( 4 to 6 years) >
trapezoid (4 to 6 years) >
pisiform (8 to 12 years)

Question 16

When do elbow joint centers fuse?

Answer 16

16 years

Question 17

What is Age of metacarpals fusion ?

Answer 17

16 year

Question 18

Age of wrist joint centres fusion

Answer 18

19 years

Question 19

Age of Hip bone centres fusion?

Answer 19

22 years

Question 20

What is photo superimposition?

Answer 20

It is an exclusory test (to exclude suspected individuals ) to identify the skull by using photos of when they were alive and clicking pictures of skull in the same pose.