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Bio 12 > Module 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowers > Flashcards

Module 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowers Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

(gen) produces spores via meiosis

A

sporophyte

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2
Q

sporophyte: n or 2n

A

2n

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3
Q

(gen) germinate and divide via mitosis to produce multicellular gametophytes

A

spores

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4
Q

spore: n or 2n

A

n

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5
Q

(gen) produces gametes (egg and sperm) via mitosis

A

gametophyte

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6
Q

gametophyte: n or 2n

A

n

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7
Q

(gen) formed when gametes join; divide via mitosis to form sporophyte

A

zygote

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8
Q

zygote: n or 2n

A

2n

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9
Q

outermost whorl of flower; green leaf-like structures

A

sepals

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10
Q

set of sepals

A

calyx

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11
Q

whorl inner to the sepals

A

petals

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12
Q

set of petals

A

corolla

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13
Q

petals and sepals together

A

perianth

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14
Q

reproductive structure of angiosperms

A

flower

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15
Q

a flower is a modified ___

A

shoot

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16
Q

the 4 whorls of a flower are modified ____

A

leaves

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17
Q

flower stalk

A

pedicel

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18
Q

fleshy vegetative tissue that holds the floral parts

A

receptacle

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19
Q

3rd whorl; male reproductive structures

A

androecium

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20
Q

long projections coming out of staminal tube

A

stamen

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21
Q

stamen stalk with anthers at the tips

A

filament

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22
Q

contains microsporangia (pollen sacs) that produce pollen grains

A

anther

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23
Q

innermost whorl; female reproductive structures

A

gynoecium

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24
Q

individual unit of gynoecium; composed of stigma, style, ovary

A

carpel

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25
Q

swelling on the base of the flower

A

ovary

26
Q

long, slender neck found inside staminal tube; connects to ovary at the base and terminates into stigma above

A

style

27
Q

sticky structure that captures pollen

A

stigma

28
Q

structures inside ovary which become seeds if fertilized

A

ovules

29
Q

one carpel or many fused carpels

A

pistil

30
Q

all 4 whorls present

A

complete flower

31
Q

1 or more whorls missing

A

incomplete flower

32
Q

contains both andro and gynoecium

A

perfect flower

33
Q

contains only an andro or gynoecium

A

imperfect flower

34
Q

plant that has both male and female flowers

A

monoecious plant

35
Q

plant that has male and female flowers on separate plants

A

dioecious plant

36
Q

(phase) megaspore mother cell in the megasporangium of the ovule undergoes meiosis to produce 4 haploid megaspores

A

megasporogenesis

37
Q

(phase) suriviving megaspore divides by mitosis 3 times without cytokinesis to produce 1 cell with 8 nuclei which is then divided by membranes to form 7-celled embryo sac

A

megagametogenesis

38
Q

diploid cell that divides into 4 haploid cells

A

megaspore mother cell

39
Q

haploid cell; 1/4 survives

A

megaspore

40
Q

how manty times does the surviving megaspore undergo mitosis?

A

3 times

41
Q

how many cells are there in the embro sac?

A

7 cells

42
Q

diploid cell that later forms endosperm

A

central cell

43
Q

3 cells that position themselves opposite the micropyle; degenerate later on

A

antipodal cells

44
Q

nucleus closest to micropyle

A

egg cell

45
Q

2 nuclei on either side of egg cell; help attract and guide pollen tube

A

synergid cells

46
Q

part of seed coat that develops from outer integument

A

testa

47
Q

part of seed coat that develops from inner integument

A

tegmen

48
Q

allows pollen tube to enter female gametophyte for fertilization

A

micropyle

49
Q

(phase) diploid microsporocytes in microsporangia divide via meiosis to produce 4 haploid microspores

A

microsporogenesis

50
Q

(phase) microspores develop into pollen grains

A

microgametogenesis

51
Q

diploid cells found within 4 microsporangia in anther

A

microsporocyte

52
Q

4 haploid cells that develop into pollen grains

A

microspores

53
Q

layer of cells in the pollen sac that provides nutrition and important components to developing microspores

A

tapetum

54
Q

smaller cell; nucleus divides by mitosis to form 2 sperm nuclei

A

generative cell

55
Q

vegetative cell that extends through the style when pollen germinates

A

tube cell

56
Q

thicker outer layer of pollen wall; contains sporopollenin

A

exine

57
Q

inner layer of pollen wall

A

intine

58
Q

complex waterproofing substance supplied by tapetal cells

A

sporopollenin

59
Q

extension of the cytoplasm of the tube cell

A

pollen tube

60
Q

joining of female gametophyte with 2 male gametes; ensures that endosperm only develops in ovules where egg has been fertilized

A

double fertilization

61
Q

4 mechanisms that prevent self-fertilization

A
  1. being dioecius
  2. different maturity times
  3. structural barriers
  4. self-incompatibility

Bio 12 (9 decks)

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