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animals and us > Module 1 - Relationships Between Human and Animal Health > Flashcards

Module 1 - Relationships Between Human and Animal Health Flashcards

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U.S. Geography flashcards
1
Q

What does heterotrophic mean?

A

Animals which cannot create their own food and depend on other organisms

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2
Q

What does eukaryotic mean?

A

Organisms with membrane bound organelles

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3
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

When immature stem cells differentiate into the three primordial germ layers

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4
Q

What is the biological classification of organisms called?

A

Taxonomic hierarchy

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5
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

Grouping of organisms based on evolutionary descent

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6
Q

What is the taxonomic hierarchy?

A

Life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

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7
Q

How do you remember taxonomic hierarchy?

A

Luckily Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup

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8
Q

What is the domestication of animals?

A

The evolutionary process of changing animal behaviour, morphology and genetics

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9
Q

What were the first animals to be domesticated?

A

Dogs

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10
Q

Why were the first animals domesticated?

A

For companionship

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11
Q

What is naturally occurring domestication?

A

When animals started hanging around humans for their own benefit

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12
Q

What are some examples of naturally occurring domestication?

A

Cats, birds and rats

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13
Q

What is an affiliative relationship?

A

Strong emotional attachment which assists positive wellbeing

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14
Q

What is a companion animal?

A

Domesticated animal whose needs can be met as companions in the home

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15
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

Choosing parents with particular traits and breeding from those

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16
Q

What are the indirect values of animals?

A

Ecosystem functioning
Balance of ecosystems

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17
Q

What are the direct values of animals?

A

Provide products and service to humans for economic value
Tourism

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18
Q

What are the cultural values of animals?

A

Cultures around the world have different values for certain animals

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19
Q

What is zoonosis?

A

The transmission of disease between animals and humans

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20
Q

What are rickettsial?

A

Cause by ticks and mites

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21
Q

What is cyclozoonoses?

A

> 1 vertebrate host but no invertabrate

22
Q

What is metazoonoses?

A

Vertebrate and invertebrate host

23
Q

What is saprozoonoses?

A

Vertebrate host and non-animal phase such as soil

24
Q

What is anthropozoonosis?

A

Animal –> Human

25
Q

What is amphixenosis?

A

Animal <–> Human

26
Q

What is zooanthroponosis?

A

Animal <– Human

27
Q

Where do zoonotic diseases emerge from?

A
  • Live animal markets
  • Intensive wildlife farming
  • Wildlife hunting
  • Domestic animals
28
Q

What is one health?

A

It is considerations at a global scale
Human, environmental and animal health are all inextricably linked

29
Q

What was the main function of zoos before the 19th century?

A

Used as a symbol of royal power

30
Q

When and where was the first zoo created?

A

In 3500BC in Egypt

31
Q

What was a menagerie?

A

A collection of captive animals frequently exotic kept for display

32
Q

What was the main function of zoos after the 19th century?

A

Zoological gardens became more popular and more available to the public

33
Q

What was the historic approach of zoos?

A

To get as many animals to entertain people

34
Q

What is the current approach of zoos?

A

Focusing on conservation and human experience to inspire guests to have an impact

35
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of animal function and mechanisms

36
Q

How do animals impact human hearts?

A

Lower resting heart rate and blood pressure, better recovery after heart attack

37
Q

How do animals impact human lungs and skin?

A
  • Animal dander can trigger asthma and allergies
  • Having a pet as a child associated with reduced risk of allergic reactions
38
Q

How do animals impact human stress hormones?

A
  • Reduction in cortisol in school children visited by dogs
  • 60 minutes of human canine interactions significantly reduce stress level
39
Q

What is cortisol?

A

Stress hormone that regulates range of systems

40
Q

What is epinephrine?

A

Also know as adrenalin is a stress hormone causing faster heart rate, clammy skin

41
Q

What negative impacts do humans have on animal physiology?

A
  • Destruction of habitats
  • Poaching
  • Production industries
  • Neglect
42
Q

What positive impacts do humans have on animal physiology?

A
  • Vet care
  • Increase of dopamine in animal after positive interaction
  • Petting reducing stress in animals
43
Q

What is psychology?

A

The study of mind and behaviour

44
Q

What impacts do animals have on human psychology?

A
  • Increased physical activity
  • Reducing stress and anxiety
  • Boosting self confidence
  • Helping meet new people
45
Q

What is animal assisted therapy (AAT)?

A

Animals which assist in therapy for humans to improve social, emotional and cognitive function

46
Q

What is structured AAT?

A

Intervention with specific goals and objectives and delivered by health professionals

47
Q

What is unstructured AAT?

A

Volunteer animal handlers and group settings not linked to health professionals

48
Q

What are some problems of AAT?

A
  • Possessive behaviour at the end of session
  • Does not work for people who fear animals
  • Grief reaction when session ends or animal dies
49
Q

How do we measure animal mental health?

A

Through the use of physical signs, symptoms and behaviours

50
Q

What are stereotypies?

A

Highly repetitive, functionless behaviour often as a sign of poor welfare

animals and us (2 decks)

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