Module 1 Practice Questions Flashcards
Blood travels from the placenta to the baby via the:
umbilical vein
From the umbilical vein, blood travels through the:
ductus venosus
From the ductus venosus blood travels on to the…
inferior vena cava
From the inferior vena cava, blood flows into the
right atrium
Blood flows from the right to left atrium via the:
foramen ovale
Blood flows from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries. Only a small amount goes to the developing lungs, which have this type of resistance:
high pulmonary vascular resistance
From the right ventricle, blood is shunted away through the ____________ and back to aorta.
ductus arteriosus
The postpartum shift of increased ______ vascular resistance and decreased _____ vascular resistance causes the _____ to close.
Systemic, Pulmonary, ductus arteriosus
When does fetal lung fluid clear?
A few days prior to birth
During labor
Postnatally
Fetal systemic circulation is characterized by what type of pressure system?
Low
With delayed cord clamping, blood flow from the newborn to the placenta will stop at what time?
Varies but typically within 5 minutes
If the infant does not get enough oxygen after birth, the pulmonary vascular pressure will be:
High
Neonatal systemic circulation is characterized by what type of pressure system?
High
Following birth, what does the increased systemic pressure and decreased pulmonary pressure lead to in the left side of the heart?
Closure of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus (need to confirm answer with prof)
What fetal circulatory complication can third-trimester ingestion of ibuprofen cause?
Closure of the ductus arteriosus
How does the pulmonary vascular pressure change with the newborn’s initial breath?
Decreases
What biochemical event stimulates newborn breathing?
Decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide
Which pulmonary cells secret surfactant?
Type II alveolar cells
The mother gives birth in the hands and knees position. As the baby’s head emerges, fluid begins to flow from the baby’s nose. How should the nurse-midwife manage this situation?
Recognize this as one of three ways lung fluid drains at birth
Which vessels are considered vasoactive in fetal/newborn circulation, having the ability to constrict?
pulmonary artery
ductus arteriosus
umbilical artery
Note: only the arteries constrict!!
What type of birth environment assists in preserving newborn brown adipose tissue (BAT)?
neutral thermal environment
There are 4 mechanisms through which Newborns loose heat. In third-world countries where maternal mortality is high, the newborns may be placed aside after birth to see if the mother will survive. If placed directly on a cold table, what is the predominant heat loss mechanism?
Conduction
What are the 5 stages of fetal lung development, and when do they occur?
Embryonic (1-7wk)
Pseudoglandular (5-17wk)
Canalicular (16-25)
Terminal sac (25-36wk)
Alveolar (36wk -8y)
When does surfactant get produced and what is its purpose?
Starts being produced in canalicular phase of lung development (16-25w) hence why some of this stage is potentially viable.
After week 34, there is enough surfactant to keep the alveoli from collapsing.
It’s purpose: Lowers surface tension to prevent collapse on expiration
