Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHSC 1101 Botany > Module 1: Plant Cells > Flashcards

Module 1: Plant Cells Flashcards

1
Q

The basic units of plant structure and function

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Allows one to see small, otherwise invisible objects

A

Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell?

A

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What limits cell expansion?

A

Cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the boundaries of inside and outside of the cell?

A

Plasma Membrane
Cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The organelles of protein synthesis and transport

A

Nucleus
Ribosome
ER
Golgi Apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stores and express genetic information

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which synthesizes protein?

A

Ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which packages protein?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which guides the movement of proteins to compartments?

A

Golgi Apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

THE ORGANELLES OF ENERGY
METABOLISM

A

Plastids
Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Convert light energy to chemical energy

A

Plastids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which makes useful forms of chemical energy?

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which stores substances?

A

Vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transport and store substances and compartmentalize reactions

A

Other organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Controls form and movement within the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do cells reproduce?

A

Cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which is the specialized structures within cells?

A

Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which surrounds the cell?

A

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are membranes composed of?

A

Approximately half phospholipid and half protein, with a small amount of sterols, another form of lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a phospholipid bilayer?

A

Flexible, continuous, hydrophobic (water-excluding) sheet two molecules thick This separates the aqueous solution inside the cell from that outside the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a cytoplasm?

A

The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do phospholipid bilayer prevent?

A

ions, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and other water-soluble
compounds inside the cell from leaking out and also prevents those outside the cell
from diffusing in

24
Q

Describe plasmodesmata.

A

The unusual property of plant cells which the plasma membrane on one cell extends
outward through the cell wall, forming a tube and then connecting to the plasma membrane of the next cell.

25
Q

Describe osmosis.

A

The flow of water from a relatively dilute solution to a more concentrated
solution across a selectively permeable membrane.

26
Q

What is cell wall made of?

A

It is made of microfibrils
formed from a polysaccharide, cellulose.

27
Q

A linear, unbranched chain of glucose molecules

A

Cellulose

28
Q

The volume of the protoplast (the space inside the plasma membrane) will shrink, and the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell wall

A

Plasmolysis

29
Q

The cell wall that forms while the cell is growing

A

Primary Cell Wall

30
Q

After cells stop growing, some deposit an additional cell wall layer between the
primary cell wall and the plasma membrane

A

Secondary Cell Wall

31
Q

The effect on osmosis to cell size

A
  1. The cell is assumed to have an internal
    concentration of solutes the same as that in the external solution. The cell protoplast is
    exactly the same size as the cell wall in its unstretched state.
  2. The cell is transferred to pure
    water. Water enters the cell by osmosis, and the protoplast expands, pushing against the cell wall. The wall expands but pushes back, limiting the further influx of water. Water stops
    entering the cell when the pressure exerted by the cell wall equals the osmotic pressure
    forcing water into the cell.
  3. The cell is transferred to a solution of 0.5 molar. Water moves out of the protoplast by osmosis, and the protoplast shrinks until the concentration of solutes equals 0.5 molar. The plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall. This effect is called plasmolysis.
  4. Plasmolyzed Elodea cells.
32
Q

Where is lignin located?

A

Secondary Cell Wall

33
Q

Where did lignin originate or formed?

A

From subunits derived from an amino acid.

34
Q

Waxy compounds made of modified fatty acids that are especially impermeable to
water.

A

Cutin and suberin

35
Q

A biological or synthetic material that has tiny holes in it allowing small particles to move through it.

A

Permeable Membrane

36
Q

What is a cutinized cell walls? Where it is found?

A

They retard the evaporation of water from the cells. They also form a barrier to potential pathogens such as bacteria and fungi.

Found on the surface of leaves and other organs that are exposed to the air.

37
Q

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus?

A

Nuclear envelope

38
Q

Filaments of a protein that line the inner surface of the envelope and stabilize its structure. The inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope connect to form pores, through which molecules may pass

A

Lamin

39
Q

Describe chromosomes.

A

Chromosomes are found in the nucleoplasm, which contain DNA and protein.

40
Q

One long, double-helical molecule of DNA is wound around special proteins to form a chain of nucleosomes.

A

Histones

41
Q

The process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence. This copy, called messenger RNA (mRNA), carries the gene’s protein information encoded in DNA.

A

Transcription

42
Q

The process that takes the information passed from DNA as messenger RNA and turns it into a series of amino acids bound together with peptide bonds. It is essentially a translation from one code (nucleotide sequence) to another code (amino acid sequence).

A

Translation

43
Q

Describe nucleolus.

A

Primarily, it takes part in the production of subunits that unites to form ribosomes. Hence, nucleolus plays an important role in the synthesis of proteins and in the production of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells.

44
Q

Where are nucleolus found?

A

Nucleoplasm

45
Q

Where are ribosomes formed from?

A

Ribosomal DNA and special proteins and found in cytoplasm.

46
Q

Where are the active ribosomes clustered?

A

Polyribosomes

47
Q

Closed structure (or several closed structures); therefore, solute molecules cannot move from the cytoplasm into the inside (the lumen) expect by passing through the
membrane.

A

ER

48
Q

Responsible of making proteins called ‘translation’.

A

Rough ER

49
Q

Functions in many metabolic processes. It synthesizes lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids.

A

Smooth ER

50
Q

A small sphere of membrane-containing proteins that bud off from the ER and can carry the proteins to other locations in the cell.

A

Vesicles

51
Q

Describe Golgi Apparatus.

A

Looks like a stack of membranous, flattened bladders, called “cisternae”

Directs the flow of proteins and other substances from the ER to their destinations in the cell.

52
Q

A group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.

A

Endomembrane system

52
Q

A group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.

A

Endomembrane system

53
Q

One cell may have ____ plastids.

A

20-50

54
Q

They contain DNA and ribosomes–a full protein-synthesizing system similar but not identical to the one in the nucleus and cytoplasm.

A

Plastids

55
Q

What is a chloroplast?

A

plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process.

56
Q

What is a thylakoid?

A

An elaborate array of a membrane that traps light energy and the transduction of this energy into the chemical energy forms, ATP and NADPH. During this process, water is oxidized and oxygen is released.

PHSC 1101 Botany (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions