Module 1 (part 2)

Question 1

Theory

Answer 1

The knowledge that we have is based on a large body of work that has been put together.

Question 2

Origins of life 4 step process

Answer 2

1. Organic molecules
2. Complex organics = macromolecules
3. Isolate/coordinate functional macromolecules
   - protobiont/protocell
4. LUCA

Question 3

Is organic chemistry rare or spontaneous?

Answer 3

Organic chemistry is spontaneous
- it does require some input.
ex. light, lightning etc.

Question 4

Miller-Urey experiment

Answer 4

• The experiment has demonstrated that Amino Acids can form without life.

Question 5

Origins of Organic Molecules

Answer 5

• Deep-sea vent hypothesis
  (heat and metal ions known to be catalysts)

Question 6

Can small macromolecules form spontaneously?

Answer 6

yes, in certain conditions.

Question 7

Can large macromolecules form spontaneously?

Answer 7

Large macromolecules can not form spontaneously.

Question 8

Origins of macromolecules

Answer 8

Macromolecules occur from clay.

Question 9

What function must macromolecules perform to lead to life?

Answer 9

Some kind of organization and barriers from cells.

Question 10

Create a barrier from the environment. What are the candidates?

Answer 10

Polypeptides and cellulose

Question 11

Enzymes/metabolic candidates

Answer 11

Proteins and ions

Question 12

carry information candidates

Answer 12

DNA and RNA

Question 13

An environmental barrier

Answer 13

Metal sulfides
- microscopic vent pores

Question 14

A Macromolecule Barrier

Answer 14

Liposomes
- Microspheres with a lipid bilayer boundary
- can divide

Question 15

Modern cells require _______ and _________ to maintain a __________ __________.

Answer 15

proteins
enzymes
complex metabolism

Question 16

Modern cells ________.

Answer 16

Reproduce
- they copy and transmit information.
- DNA to DNA, DNA to RNA, RNA to DNA

Question 17

______________ contain reverse ____________

Answer 17

Retroviruses ; Transcriptase
- Takes its RNA geno and sticks it to our DNA

Question 18

why proteins instead of RNA for enzymes?

Answer 18

more efficient
more specialized
Have more variety of proteins

Question 19

Why DNA instead of RNA

Answer 19

It is more stable and is prone to mutation.

Question 20

3 domains of life

Answer 20

Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya

Question 21

How is Eukarya different from Bacteria and Archaea?

Answer 21

Eukarya has membrane-bound organelles.

Question 22

How is Bacteria different from Eukarya and
Archaea?

Answer 22

Cell wall and RNA

Question 23

How is Archaea different from Bacteria and
Eukarya?

Answer 23

Archaea can survive in extreme environments.

Question 24

Phagocytosis

Answer 24

Engulfing cells

Question 25

Endosymbiosis

Answer 25

A symbiotic relationship where one organism lives inside another.

Question 26

Genome

Answer 26

All the DNA in our cells

Question 27

Chloroplast Genome

Answer 27

Are much circular

Question 28

_______________ and ___________ are key events in evolution of eukarya.

Answer 28

Phagocytosis and Endocytosis