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BACTE LEC QUESTIONS REVIEWER > MODULE 1 PART 2 > Flashcards

MODULE 1 PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Nutritional req: light as energy source

A

Phototrophic

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2
Q

Nutritional req: chemical compounds as energy source, most bacteria are this

A

Chemotrophic

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3
Q

This uses inorganic compounds as carbon source for growth

A

Autotrophic/ Lithotroph

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4
Q

This uses organic compounds as carbon source for growth

A

Heterotrophic/Organotroph

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5
Q

Example of organic compounds that bacteria uses as carbon source

A

Glucose

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6
Q

This requires oxygen for growth

A

Obligate aerobe

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7
Q

How many percent of oxygen needed in Obligate Aerobe?

A

21%

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8
Q

What are the organisms included in Obligate Aerobe? (MPBBm)

A

Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Brucella micrococcus

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9
Q

Cannot grow in the presence of O2, they die in the presence of oxygen

A

Obligate Anaerobe

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10
Q

Example of organisms in Obligate Anaerobe (B and C)

A

Bacteriodes and Clostridium

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11
Q

This is used to ensure anaerobiosis in the laboratory

A

Gaspak jar

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12
Q

Can live with the presence or absence of oxygen O2

A

Facultative Anaerobe

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13
Q

Most bacteria are this kind of oxygen requirement

A

Facultative Anaerobe

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14
Q

Example of organisms under Facultative Anaerobe

A

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Salmonella

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15
Q

This can grow in the presence of O2 but it grows best in an anaerobic environment

A

Aerotolerant

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16
Q

Example of organism in Aerotolerant

A

Lactobacillusb

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17
Q

This can grow in reduced level of O2, requires small amount of oxygen/air

A

Microaerophilic

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18
Q

What is the requirement for microaerophilic?

A
  • 5 to 10% O2
  • 10% CO2
  • 85% N
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19
Q

What is the requirement for obligate anaerobe?

A
  • 0% O2
  • 5% CO2
  • 10% H
  • 85% N
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20
Q

Most bacteria grow well at 7.0-7.5 ; most bacteria are this

A

Neutrophile

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21
Q

Grows at an acidic pH

A

Acidophile

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22
Q

Organism that survives in the pH = 3.0

A

Lactobacillus

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23
Q

Organism that survives in the pH = 10.5

A

Vibrio cholerae

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24
Q

0-20° C; cold-loving

A

Psychrophilic

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25
Q

Temperature of Mesophilic

A

Moderate ; 20-45° C

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26
Q

50-125° C; Heat-loving

A

Thermophilic

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27
Q

The bacteria is not growing well in the presence of high temperature, the growth is not okay

A

Thermoduric

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28
Q

Incubation at 4° C for several weeks

A

Cold enrichment

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29
Q

2 organisms that can tolerate Cold Enrichment

A
  1. Listeria monocytogenes

2. Yersinia enterocolitica

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30
Q

These are organisms with short optimum temperature range

A

Stenothemophilic

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31
Q

These are organisms with wide temperature range

A

Eurithermophilic

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32
Q

This is the temperature at which an organism grows best and every organism has its own

A

Optimum temperature

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33
Q

Motility is best detected at ____

A

Room temp

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34
Q

This requires concentrations of 5% to 10% CO2 for optimal growth, this needs high CO2

A

Capnophilic

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35
Q

Example of capnophilic organisms

A

Streptococcus and Neisseria

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36
Q

This is used to supply with increased CO2 and this is for capnophiles

A

Candle Jar

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37
Q

Gaspak jar uses _________ to prevent O2

A

Palladium catalyst

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38
Q

3 Indicators used in Gaspak Jar

A
  • Colorless in the absence of O2
  • Methylene blue (becomes blue when there’s O2)
  • Resazurin (becomes pink when there’s O2)
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39
Q

This requires high salt concentration or increase in salt

A

Halophilic

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40
Q

Species that are known to be microaerophilic and capnophilic

A

Campylobacter spp.

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41
Q

7.5% salt is tolerated by

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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42
Q

6.5% salt is tolerated by

A

Enterococci

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43
Q

8-10% salt is tolerated by

A

Vibrio

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44
Q

This is the phase where there is an increase in size but the growth rate still remains at 0%

A

Lag phase/ Adjustment phase

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45
Q

This is the phase where the cell division starts thus growth rate increases, rapid exponential growth, and where bacteria become susceptible to antibiotics

A

Log phase

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46
Q

This is the phase where the nutrients are used up, toxic product accumulate, sporulation begins and the dead cells is equal to the living cells

A

Stationary phase/ Plateau

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47
Q

This is known to be the bacterial death of cells where complete stoppage of bacterial growth or cessation happens, where there is development of unfavorable pH

A

Death phase/ Stage of decline

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48
Q

What are the two causes of bacterial death?

A
  • Development of unfavorable pH

- Accumulation of toxic waste

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49
Q

What are the factors under manual identification? (SSAMSC)

A

Size, Shape, Arrangement, Motility, Staining characteristics, Cultural characteristics

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50
Q

What are the three ways of identifying bacteria? (MSA)

A

Manual, Semi-automated through API, Automated thru VITEK, Maldi Tof

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51
Q

API stands for

A

Analytical Profile Index

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52
Q

This method is not usually utilized nowadays. Half is done by med tech, half is done by machine

A

Semi-automated thru API

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53
Q

This method is prone to error, solely done by med tech

A

Manual

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54
Q

This is an automation program for bacterial identification and susceptibility

A

VITEK

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55
Q

These are the 2 commonly used types of staining

A

Gram staining, Acid Fast staining

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56
Q

This is part of the manual identification where the use of selective media and biochemical tests are utilized

A

Cultural characteristics

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57
Q

Most reliable or faster method of bacterial identification

A

Automated thru VITEK, Maldi Tof

58
Q

This is the process of artificially coloring the organism with dyes/stains

A

Staining

59
Q

Dye’s color is also the resulting color

A

Simple staining

60
Q

What is the stain used in simple staining?

A

Methylene blue

61
Q

In this staining technique, the background is stained not the organism thus the organism will appear colorless

A

Indirect/Relief/Negative

62
Q

What are the stains used in Indirect/Relief/Negative staining?

A

India ink and Nigrosin

63
Q

This staining demonstrates special features of cell. The desired part will only be stained.

A

Special staining

64
Q

Capsular stains (HA)

A

Hiss, Anthony’s

65
Q

Spore stains (DSFWc)

A

Dorner’s, Schaeffer and Fulton; Wirtz conklin

66
Q

Counterstain of Schaeffer and Fulton

A

Safranin: stains other structures to emphasize presence of spores

67
Q

Flagellar stains (GFCL)

A

Gray’s, Fisher & Comm, Leifson

68
Q

Metachromatic granules stains (ANLPMb)

A

Albert’s, Neisser, Ljubinsky, Ponder, Methylene blue

69
Q

This staining is used to differentiate one organism from another such as gram staining and acid fast staining

A

Differential staining

70
Q

In gram staining, which is the primary dye?

A

Crystal violet

71
Q

What is the mordant in gram staining?

A

Gram’s Iodine

72
Q

The decolorizer in gram staining are?

A

Alcohol, acetone, alcohol acetone mixture

73
Q

The counterstain in gram staining is?

A

Safranin

74
Q

The gram (+) color is …

A

Purple

75
Q

The gram (-) color is …

A

Red/pink

76
Q

Enumerate the staining procedure in order (SIMICSHSM)

A

Stool, inoculate, Media (petridish), incubate, colonies, slide, heat fixation, staining, microscope focus

77
Q

All are gram (+) cocci except… (NVB)

A

Neisseria, Veillonella, Branhamella

78
Q

All are gram (-) bacilli except… (MCCBELL)

A

Mycobacterium, Clostridium, Corynebacterium,Bacillus, Erysipelothrix, Listeria, and Lactobacillus

79
Q

Higher forms of organisms like _______ are gram (+)

A

actinomyces, streptomyces, yeast and molds

80
Q

All spiral organisms are reported as gram ___

A

Gram (-)

81
Q

Not Gram stained organisms are… (RCMU)

A

Rickettsiae, chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma (they dont have cell wall and intracellular)

82
Q

These are difficult to stain but once stained, they are difficult to decolorize because of mycolic acid and hydroxymethyl acid

A

Acid fast organisms

83
Q

Wetting agent in Acid Fast Staining

A

Tergitol

84
Q

2 common methods of acid fast staining

A
  • Ziehl Neelsen Method

- Kinyoun’s Method

85
Q

This is known to be the hot method, best method for Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy which detects acid-fast bacilli (AFB)

A

Ziehl Neelsen Method

86
Q

Give the Primary dye, Mordant, Decolorizer, and counterstain of Ziehl Neelsen Method

A
  • Primary dye: Carbol Fuchsin
  • Mordant: Steam/Heat
  • Decolorizer: 3% acid alcohol (HCl + ethanol)
  • Counterstain: Methylene blue or Malachite green
87
Q

This method is known as the cold method and best stain for AFO in tissues. This has a greater concentration of phenol and basic fuchsin and does not require heating in order to stain properly

A

Kinyoun’s Method

88
Q

Give the Primary dye, Mordant, Decolorizer, and counterstain of Kinyoun’s method

A
  • Primary dye: Carbol Fuchsin
  • Mordant: Wetting agent (tergitol)
  • Decolorizer: 3% acid alcohol (HCl + ethanol)
  • Counterstain: Methylene blue or Malachite green
89
Q

This will take color of the primary dye ; red against a blue background

A

AFO = Acid Fast Organism

90
Q

This will take the color of the counterstain ; blue/green

A

NAFO = Non Acid Fast Organism

91
Q

This is other method of acid fast staining that is used to differentiate M. smegmatis (blue) from M. tuberculosis (red)

A

Pappenheim

92
Q

This is other method of acid fast staining that is used to differentiate M. leprae (red) from M. tuberculosis (blue)

A

Baumgartens

93
Q

This is other method of acid fast staining that is used for M. leprae, uses hematoxylin as counterstain instead of methylene blue

A

Fite Faraco

94
Q

This is known to be the most sensitive acid fast staining

A

Fluorochrome staining

95
Q

Give the Primary dye, Mordant, Decolorizer, and counterstain of Fluorochrome Staining

A
  • Primary dye: Auramine-rhodamine dye
  • Mordant: No mordant
  • Decolorizer: 0.5% acid alcohol
  • Counterstain: 0.5% Potassium permanganate
96
Q

The result of Fluorochrome staining will be….

A

AFO will appear yellow against black background

97
Q

Type of culture media as to Physical State: this type of media has NO solidifying agent, 0% agar, placed in a tube (deep or broth)

A

Liquid

98
Q

_______ in liquid media is an indication of growth

A

Turbidity

99
Q

Examples of liquid media are… (TSB, APW, BHI)

A

Trypticase Soy Broth, Alkaline Peptone Water, Brain Heart Infusion

100
Q

Type of culture media as to Physical State: this is place in a tube to produce slant/deep/butt manner with 0.5-1% agar.

A

Semi-solid

101
Q

Example of semi-solid media

A

SIM media

102
Q

Type of culture media as to Physical State: can be placed either on a a petri dish or a tube

A

Solid

103
Q

Type of media that is initially liquid, will solidify, but dan be liquefied again by heating

A

Solid Liquefiable

104
Q

Examples of Solid Liquefiable Media (EM, MSA)

A

EMB, MacConkey, Mannitol Salt Agar

105
Q

This is a type of media that will no longer liquefy despite being subjected to heat

A

Solid Non-Liquefiable

106
Q

Example of Solid non liquefiable

A

Rice Medium

107
Q

______ developing in a plated media indicates bacterial growth

A

Colonies

108
Q

This is type of media as to Physical state for both solid and liquid

A

Biphasic

109
Q

In Biphasic, Castaneda is used for _____

A

Brucella

110
Q

In Biphasic, HBT is used for _____

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

111
Q

Type of culture media as to Purpose: This contains only the necessary nutrition to support bacterial growth for routine cultivation of bacteria, no supplements/vitamins added

A

General purpose/general isolation media

112
Q

Example of general purpose media

A

Nutrient agar/nutrient broth

113
Q

Type of culture media as to Purpose: This is used to enhance bacterial growth or increase bacterial yield, usually contains supplements and vitamins

A

Enrichment media

114
Q

Selenite broth =

A

Salmonella and Shigella spp.

115
Q

Tetrathionate broth =

A

Salmonella and Proteus

116
Q

These are organisms unable to grow in ordinary media

A

Fastidious organisms

117
Q

Type of culture media as to Purpose: this is used to support growth of fastidious organisms and it usually contains blood

A

Enriched media

118
Q

This blood agar is used for streptococci

A

Sheep BA

119
Q

This blood agar is used first choice for Haemophilus

A

Horse BA

120
Q

This blood agar is used for Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Human BA

121
Q

This blood agar is prepared by heating blood agar and used for Neisseria

A

Chocolate Agar Plate (CAP)

122
Q

This type of culture media as to purpose promotes growth of the desired organism while inhibiting the growth of others because it contains inhibitors

A

Selective media

123
Q

Complete the ff (even the acronym):

CTBA is for _____ and the inhibitor is _____

A

Cystine Tellurite Blood Agar is for C. diphtheriae and the inhibitor is potassium tellurite

124
Q

Complete the ff (even the acronym):

LJM is for _____ and the inhibitor is

A

Lowenstein Jensen Media is for M. tuberculosis and the inhibitor is malachite green

125
Q

Complete the ff (even the acronym):

TMM is for _____ and the inhibitor is _____

A

Thayer Martin Media is for Neisseria spp. and the inhibitor is antibiotics

126
Q

Complete the ff (even the acronym):

MCA is for _____ and the inhibitor is _____

A

Mac Conkey Agar is for Gram (-) bacilli and the inhibitor is crystal violet

127
Q

This type of culture media as to purpose is used to differentiate organisms growing together

A

Differential media

128
Q

This is used to differentiate gram negative bacilli as to lactose fermenters or non lactose fermenters

A

EMB (Eosin-Methylene-Blue)

129
Q

This is used to differentiate vibrio as to sucrose or non-sucrose fermenters

A

TCBS (Thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salts-sucrose)

130
Q

This type of culture media as to purpose is under 2 categories (dala dalawa) example is EMB and Mac Conkey Agar

A

Selective and Differential Media

131
Q

This type of culture media as to purpose maintains viability of organisms or keep the slecimens alive during the transport

A

Transport media

132
Q

This is transport media specifically for Neisseria

A

JEMBEC (John E Martin Biological Environmental Chamber)

133
Q

This is transport media specifically for stool pathogens like Vibrio

A

Cary Blair

134
Q

This is transport media specifically for viral transport media

A
135
Q

Media for Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing example is

A

MHA (Mueller Hinton Agar)

136
Q

This is a culture media as to purpose used in the performance of biochemical tests done in the lab to facilitate species.

A

Biochemical test media

137
Q

TSI, LIA, Urea agar, SIM, Simmon citrate Agar, MRVP broth are examples of

A

Biochemical test Media

138
Q

This is a culture media used to detect organisms motility

A

Motility medium

139
Q

2 Examples of motility medium

A

SIM and MIO

140
Q

This is a culture media as to purpose used to support growth of anaerobes

A

Anaerobic media

141
Q

Chopped meat media and Thioglycollate are examples of

A

Anaerobic media

BACTE LEC QUESTIONS REVIEWER (2 decks)

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