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BACTE LEC QUESTIONS REVIEWER > MODULE 1 PART 1 > Flashcards

MODULE 1 PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cite examples of microorganisms

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi

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2
Q

Study of virus

A

Virology

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3
Q

Study of bacteria

A

Bacteriology

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4
Q

Study of fungi

A

Mycology

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5
Q

True or False: Viruses have both RNA and DNA

A

False. Viruses only have either RNA or DNA, not both

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6
Q

This can be a virulence factor and SOME bacteria has the ability to produce this

A

Toxins

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7
Q

True or False: Bacteria is eukaryotic.

A

False. Bacteria is prokaryotic (with no true nucleus)

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8
Q

True or False: Bacteria only have either RNA or DNA.

A

False. Bacteria has both RNA and DNA.

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9
Q

How do bacteria multiplies?

A

through Binary Fission

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10
Q

The average size of Bacteria is ______

A

0.4- 2.0 um (micra)

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11
Q

The largest bacteria is known as

A

Genus bacillus

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12
Q

The smallest living organisms on earth is known as

A

Genus mycoplasma

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13
Q

These are biologically produced poisons

A

Toxins

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14
Q

What species has sterols on its cell membarane?

A

Genus mycoplasma

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15
Q

What is the component of the cell membrane of the bacteria?

A

Phospholipid bilayer

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16
Q

This is known as the area of science that deals with the study of microorganisms

A

Microbiology

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17
Q

These are biologically produce poisons that can cause harmful effects

A

Toxins

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18
Q

Bacteria is categorize as…

A

gram (+) and gram (-)

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19
Q

This is found among gram (+) organisms except Listeria monocytogenes however, there are gram (-) organisms that can produce this.

A

Exotoxin

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20
Q

Exotoxin is _____ in nature.

A

Protein

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21
Q

Exotoxin is released/secreted by _______ bacteria cells

A

Living - does not require cell death to release

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22
Q

What is the species that is the exception in gram (+) organisms that release exotoxin?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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23
Q

Botulinum toxin is produced by

A

Clostridium botulinum

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24
Q

Diphtheria toxin

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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25
Q

Enterotoxins A and B is produced by

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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26
Q

The stability of exotoxin is …

A

Heat Labile (heat sensitive)

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27
Q

The effect of exotoxin is …

A

Specific (local) - it can be felt only in specific area of the body

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28
Q

Dose requires in exotoxin is …

A

Small

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29
Q

True or False. Exotoxins can be converted to toxoids (immunologic property)

A

True

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30
Q

This is usually produced by gram (-) organisms

A

Endotoxin

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31
Q

Endotoxin is _____ in nature

A

Polysaccharide (Lipopolysaccharide - LPS)

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32
Q

Endotoxin is secreted/released through ______

A

Cell death/lysis

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33
Q

Example of gram (-) organisms that release endotoxin that causes bloody diarrhea

A

Shigella dysenteriae

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34
Q

The stability of endotoxins is ____

A

Heat stable

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35
Q

The effect of endotoxins is

A

Generalized (systemic) - the effect can be felt all over the body because of high toxicity

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36
Q

The required dose for endotoxin is …

A

Large

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37
Q

Yes or No: Can endotoxin be converted to toxoids? (immunologic property)

A

No.

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38
Q

Cite the order of taxonomy

A

Domain - Kingdom - Division - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species - Subspecies

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39
Q

This is the term use for same species but different phenotypically

A

Subspecies

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40
Q

First letter capitalized

A

Genus

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41
Q

“Epithet” ; the most basic group and written in small letters

A

Species

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42
Q

This term is used for something that grows in Petri dish when culture media was done

A

Colonies

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43
Q

This is called the “resistant structure”

A

Spores/ Endospores

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44
Q

When the bacteria have ______ it means it resists antibiotic

A

Plasmid

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45
Q

What are the spore-forming organisms?

A

Bacillus, Clostridium

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46
Q

For the bacteria to increase in _____, it needs basic nutrients

A

size

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47
Q

What are the basic nutrients needed by the bacteria?

A

Carbon, Nitrogen. 70% water, Electrolytes

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48
Q

This is one of the essential basic nutrients for protein synthesis

A

Nitrogen

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49
Q

This is essential nutrient for bacteria

A

Carbon

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50
Q

Organism population that is differentiated from populations within species

A

Strains

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51
Q

This is based on distinct antigenic properties

A

Serovars

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52
Q

These are variant strains based on biochemical/physiological differences

A

Biovars

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53
Q

Bacteria can be seen under ______

A

Electron microscope

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54
Q

What are the 4 morphologic forms of bacteria?

A

Cocci, bacilli, spiral, comma-shaped

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55
Q

This is round-shaped and usually non-motile

A

Cocci

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56
Q

This is rod-shaped; motile

A

Bacilli

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57
Q

In spiral organisms, usually they are called _____

A

Spirochetes

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58
Q

The unique shape of bacteria

A

Comma-shaped

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59
Q

Comma-shaped organism is

A

Vibrio cholerae

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60
Q

Arrangement of Cocci: singly, round shape

A

Coccus

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61
Q

The cocci/coccus appears in pairs

A

Diplococci

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62
Q

The cocci is arranged in four

A

Tetrad

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63
Q

The cocci appears in cubes of eight

A

Sarcina

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64
Q

The cocci is arrange in clusters

A

Staphylococci

65
Q

The cocci is arranged in chains

A

Streptococci

66
Q

Arrangement of bacilli: singly, rod-shape

A

Bacillus

67
Q

The bacilli appears in pairs

A

Diplobacilli

68
Q

The bacilli is arranged in chains

A

Streptobacilli

69
Q

The arrangement of the bacilli resembles a picket fence and angular patterns that look like Chinese letters

A

Pallisades

70
Q

These cells are in between round and rod shape

A

Coccobacilli

71
Q

These are organisms with spiral shape

A

Spirochetes

72
Q

Arrangement of spiral: Helical-shaped/ corkscrew form

A

Spirilla

73
Q

Arrangement of spiral: a curved or comma-shaped rod

A

Vibrio

74
Q

With flagella means the organism is…

A

Motile

75
Q

Without flagella means the organism is…

A

Non-motile

76
Q

The bacteria is truly moving due to the presence of flagella

A

True motility

77
Q

This is the movement of non-motile organisms caused by the movement of molecules, false motility.

A

Brownian motility or Pseudo motility

78
Q

True or False: Motility is usually observed in Cocci

A

False. Motility is seldom observed in Cocci, usually they are non-motile

79
Q

True or False: Bacilli and spiral organisms are usually motile

A

True.

80
Q

True or False: Vibrio cholerae is motile

A

True

81
Q

What do you usually call the flagella in spiral organisms?

A

Axial filaments or Periplasmic flagella

82
Q

Specifically we do it as a presumptive/initial test to detect Listeria monocytogenes

A

Hanging drop method

83
Q

We color flagella to detect motility

A

Use of flagellar stains

84
Q

We use culture media to detect motility

A

Use of semi solid media

85
Q

SIO stands for

A

Solid Indole Motility

86
Q

MIO standa for

A

Motility Indole Ornithine

87
Q

To allow growth of bacteria, we use __________

A

Culture media

88
Q

Gelatin-like media

A

SIM

89
Q

Growth is limited on the side of inoculation means that the bacteria is _______

A

Non-motile

90
Q

Growth is away from the site of inoculation means that the bacteria is ______

A

Motile

91
Q

Shooting star motility

A

Vibrio cholerae

92
Q

Tumbling motility

A

Listeria monocytogenes

93
Q

Twitching motility

A

Kingella kingae

94
Q

Darting motility

A

Campylobacter species

95
Q

Gliding or sliding motility

A

Capnocytophaga gingivalis

96
Q

Corkscrew motility

A

Spirochetes

97
Q

Swarming motility (on BAP)

A

Proteus species

98
Q

Absence of flagella

A

Atrichous

99
Q

Single flagellum at one end

A

Monotrichous

100
Q

Single flagellum at both ends

A

Amphitrichous

101
Q

Tuft/bundle of flagella at one or both ends

A

Lophotrichous

102
Q

Bacterium is surrounded with flagella

A

Peritrichous

103
Q

This part is external to the cell wall, hairlike, and proteinaceous structures. This is NOT common to all and is usually found among gram (-) organisms. This can also be a virulence factor.

A

Pili/ Fimbriae

104
Q

This organism is equipped with pili

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

105
Q

This is for adherence to the host cell or attachment to the host cell. The can also increase the pathogenicity of the bacteria.

A

Common pili

106
Q

This is for gene conjugation; transfer of genetic material/ DNA exchange

A

Sex pili

107
Q

This is also NOT common to all bacteria, usually found in gram (-) organisms, can also be a virulence factor. The function of this is to prevent phagocytosis

A

Capsule

108
Q

The stain for capsule is…

A

India ink

109
Q

What indicates that bacteria have capsules or they are capsular?

A

Mucoidal colonies

110
Q

Neufeld Quelling Test is aka

A

Capsular Swelling Test

111
Q

This test is performed to know if the bacteria are encapsulated or not.

A

Neufeld Quellung Test or Capsular Swelling Test

112
Q

N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae are ______ capsule

A

Polysaccharide

113
Q

Bacillus anthracis is _____ capsule

A

D. glutamate

114
Q

These organisms have polysaccharide capsule (Sp, Kp, Nm, Hi)

A

S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae

115
Q

These organisms have Polypeptide-D glutamic acid capsule (Ba)

A

Bacillus anthracis

116
Q

This organism has Hyaluronic Acid Capsule (Pm)

A

P. multocida

117
Q

This organism has Polyribosyl Ribitol Phosphate capsule (Hi)

A

H. influenzae

118
Q

This organism has alginate capsule

A

P. aeruginosa

119
Q

Other names for Cell wall

A

Murein layer or Peptidoglycan layer

120
Q

Almost ALL bacteria have cell wall except _____

A

Genus Mycoplasma and Genus Ureaplasma

121
Q

This gives shape to the organism, and provides shape for the flagella and also the basis for gram staining

A

Cell wall

122
Q

Thicker peptidoglycan =

A

Gram (+)

123
Q

Thinner peptidoglycan =

A

Gram (-)

124
Q

This is the usual site of antibiotic function (destroy)

A

Cell wall

125
Q

Component of capsule:

A

Antiphagocytic ; Antigenic (K Ag; Vi Ag)

126
Q

What are the components of Murein Layer or Peptidoglycan?

A
  • Main component: Murein/Peptidoglycan
  • Disaccharides: N-acetyl glucosamine; N-acetyl muramic acid
  • Peptides
127
Q

Thick murein layer, has teichoic acid

A

Gram positive cell wall

128
Q

Gram positive cell wall:

  • Cell wall = _______
  • Membane = _______
A
  • Cell wall = teichoic acid

- Membane = lipoteichoic acid

129
Q

Thin murein layer, No teichoic acid, porin channels, periplasmic space

A

Gram negative cell wall

130
Q

Gram negative cell wall has ______ layer

A

Lipopolysaccharide

131
Q

Who has LPS? (Hi, Ng, Bp)

A

H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoeae, B. pertussis

132
Q

This is called as the resistant structures that enable bacteria to withstand injurious conditions or extreme conditions

A

Endospores/ spores

133
Q

What organisms are known as the spore formers?

A

Genus Bacillus and Genus Clostridium

134
Q

What is the best way to destroy spores? why?

A

Autoclaving, because the target of sterilization is the spores

135
Q

What is the shape of endospores/ spores?

A

Oval or Round

136
Q

What are the locations of endospores?

A

Terminal, central, subterminal

137
Q

This is used to demonstrate spores.

A

Schaeffer and Fulton (malachite green stain)

138
Q

Bacterium with oval central

A

Bacillus anthracis

139
Q

Bacterium with oval subterminal

A

Clostridium botulinum

140
Q

This organism is considered as terminal swollen aka Lollipop bacillus or Drumstick bacillus

A

Clostridium tetani

141
Q

What do spores contain that make them resistant?

A

Calcium dipicolinate or dipicolinic acid

142
Q

This represents stored food

A

Inclusion bodies

143
Q

The inclusion body in Corynebacterium diphtheriae is known as _______

A

Babes Ernst Granules/ Volutin

144
Q

Culture medium of Babes Ernst Granules are:

A

Pal’s Siant, Loeffler’s Serum Slant

145
Q

The stains used in Babes Ernst Granules/ Volutin: (LAMB,A,N)

A

Loeffler’s Alkaline Methylene Blue, Alber; Neisser

146
Q

Halberstaedster Prowazek means

A

glycogen containing

147
Q

Halberstaedster Prowazek is seen in

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

148
Q

The stain for Halberstaedster Prowazek is

A

Giemsa or Macchiavello stain

149
Q

Much granules are seen in _____

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

150
Q

Bipolar bodies =

A

safety pins appearance

151
Q

Bipolar bodies are seen in

A

Yersinia pestis

152
Q

The stain for Bipolar bodies is

A

Wayson’s

153
Q

The purpose of using Pal siant in culture medium is to

A

to stimulate granule formation

154
Q

Why do Yersinia pestis looks like a safety pin?

A

because it has a bipolar bodies

155
Q

This is the irregularly-shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains the genetic materials

A

Nucleus/Nucleoid

156
Q

Small circular DNA molecule that confers resistance to antibiotics

A

Plasmid

157
Q

This is the site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosome

158
Q

What are the important parts of bacterial cells?

A

Flagella, Pili/Fimbriae, Capsule, Cell Wall/Murein layer/Peptidoglycan layer, Endospores/spores, Inclusion bodies, Nucleoid, Plasmid, Ribosome, Plasma membrane

159
Q

What are the parts external to cell wall?

A

Flagella, Pili, Capsule

BACTE LEC QUESTIONS REVIEWER (2 decks)

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