MODULE 1: Overview of the Philosophies of Science

Question 1

Body of knowledge

Answer 1

Science

Question 2

Practical application of science

Answer 2

Technology

Question 3

“Can we know the universe?”

Answer 3

Carl Sagan

Question 4

“To Look, To See, To Know”

Answer 4

Ludwig Fleck

Question 5

Two ways of understanding what constitutes a fact

Answer 5

Positivist & Constructionist Approach

Question 6

Facts are self-evident

Answer 6

Positivist approach

Question 7

Facts are socially created

Answer 7

Constructionist approach

Question 8

Exchange or sharing of ideas creates a collective mood

Answer 8

Thought collective

Question 9

Echo the pronouncement professionals to gain authority

Answer 9

Exoterics

Question 10

Active elements which shape the way people think about the world; passive elements which the members if the thought collective hold to be objective reality

Answer 10

Thought style

Question 11

On Scientific Method

Answer 11

Robert Pirsig

Question 12

Methods of finding one’s way through hierarchies

Answer 12

Logic

Question 14

Solution of problems too complicated for common sense to solve is achieved mixed inductive and deductive inferences; the correct program for this interweaving is formalized as

Answer 14

Scientific Method

Question 15

Epistemic Development and the Perils of Pluto

Answer 15

David Moshman

Question 16

Knowledge about knowledge

Answer 16

Epistemic Cognition

Question 17

Progress in knowledge about knoelwdge

Answer 17

Epistemic Development

Question 18

Three Epistemic Domains

Answer 18

1. Objectivist epistemologies
2. Subjectivist epistemologies
3. Rationalist epistemologies