Module 1: Motor Control, PNF, NDT

Question 1

3 stages of motor learning

Answer 1

Cognitive Stage
Associative Stage
Autonomous Stage

Question 2

PNF principle: spread of mm response from stronger to weaker muscles
-use strong patterns to reinforce weaker

Answer 2

Overflow/Irradiation

Question 3

PNF principle: max resistance used to elicit strong contraction for overflow from strong to weak components

Answer 3

Timing for Emphasis

Question 4

PNF principle: closed-packed joint; used manually during WB positions and PNF extensor patterns

Answer 4

Approximation

Question 5

PNF principle: open-packed joint; used manually to facilitate motion in PNF flexion patterns

Answer 5

Traction

Question 6

PNF Technique: to improve mobility
-slow movement w/ passive rotation around axis
-progress passive to active

Answer 6

Rhythmic rotation

Question 7

PNF Technique: to improve mobility & controlled mobility
-progression from PROM to AAROM to AROM to RROM

Answer 7

Rhythmic Initiation

Question 8

PNF Technique: to improve stability
-alternates agonist & antagonist mm groups w/ isometric contraction
-w/ hand placement switch

Answer 8

Stabilizing Reversals/ Alternating Isometrics

Question 9

PNF Technique:: to improve stability
-alternates agonist/antagonist w/ isometric contraction & rotation component (use co-contraction)

Answer 9

Rhythmic Stabilization

Question 10

PNF Technique: to improve controlled mobility (& stability if holding)
-uses concentric contraction w/ alternating agonist/antagonist

Answer 10

Dynamic Reversals/Slow Reversal Hold

Question 11

PNF Technique: to improve controlled mobility
-repeated concentric contractions of agonists only used for very weak mm/movement patterns
-can use quick stretch & resistance

Answer 11

Repeated Contractions/Repeated Stretch

Question 12

PNF Technique: to improve mobility
-end range stretch, isometric contraction, passively into new range
-uses autogenic inhibition

Answer 12

Hold Relax

Question 13

PNF Technique: to improve controlled mobility
-concentric contraction of agonist, then isometric hold, then eccentric lengthening contraction
-hand placement stays same

Answer 13

Combination Isotonics

Question 14

PNF Technique: to improve mobility
-end range stretch, concentric contraction, actively into new range
-uses reciprocal inhibition

Answer 14

Contract Relax

Question 15

PNF Technique: improve mob/stab/controlled mob
-for very weak mm (1/5 MMT)
-isometric contraction in short range then passive movement into lengthened range; quick stretch and resistance

Answer 15

Hold Relax Active Motion (HRAM)

Question 16

PNF Pattern: improve controlled mobility
1) UE into D1E
2) UE into D2 F
-watch w/ eyes; other arm facilitates

Answer 16

Chop/Lift

Question 17

PNF Technique: improve controlled mob & skill
uses stretch, approximation & tracking resistance to pelvic motion for walk/crawl

Answer 17

Resisted Progression

Question 18

Sensory Stimulation Technique: brief stretch applied to mm to facilitate agonist mm contraction

Answer 18

Quick Stretch

Question 19

Sensory Stimulation Technique: slow maintained (static) stretch to inhibit mm contraction

Answer 19

Prolonged Stretch

Question 20

Sensory Stimulation Technique: slow firm squeeze to mm belly/tendon across longitudinal access (30 sec) to inhibit mm tone

Answer 20

Inhibitory Pressure

Question 21

Sensory Stimulation Technique: tactile feedback to contract mm;
-sweep, alternate or pressure

Answer 21

Tapping/ Repeated Quick Stretch

Question 22

Vestibular Stimulation Techniques: slow vs. fast movement for which patients?

Answer 22

slow- for under-responsive pts (to facilitate)
fast: for over-responsive pts (to calm)

Question 23

Treatment technique in which sensory feedback is critical to inhibiting abnormal reactions & facilitating normal movement

Answer 23

Neurodevelopmental Technique (NDT)

Question 24

NDT Principles: ____ is foundation for all skill
____ are not permitted

Answer 24

postural control
substitution/compensatory movements

Question 25

NDT Treatment Technique: active movement control via active guidance or manual assistance
-for mobility & learning motor skill

Answer 25

Guided movement

Question 26

NDT Treatment Technique: manual contacts use proximal points (trunk, head, shoulder, pelvis) & distal points (hands, feet)

Answer 26

Key Points of Control

Question 27

Movement Theory- Synergistic movement pattern:
elbow flexion to acute angle w/ supinated forearm; wrist/finger flexion

Answer 27

Flexion Synergy UE

Question 28

Movement Theory- Synergistic movement pattern:
shoulder IR, elbow ext, wrist/finger flexion

Answer 28

Extension Synergy UE

Question 29

Movement Theory- Synergistic movement pattern:
hip flex/abd/ER, knee flex, DF “frog-leg”

Answer 29

Flexion Synergy LE

Question 30

Movement Theory- Synergistic movement pattern:
hip ext/add/IR, knee ext, PF
-extended bow-leg; scissoring & circumduction gait

Answer 30

Extension Synergy LE

Question 31

Compensatory Training Approach:
use ____ for functional tasks
incorporate ___ to offload dysfunctioning limbs

Answer 31

substitution & compensation
Assistive Devices

Question 32

3 types of inhibitory sensory stimulation techniques

Answer 32

Deep pressure
neutral warmth
prolonged cold

Question 33

NDT Treatment Technique: therapist assist pt’s body segments into alignment for functional movement; holds position and practices moving back and forth

Answer 33

Place and Hold

Question 34

Sequential Motor Recovery Stages: flaccidity; no movement

Answer 34

Stage 1

Question 35

Sequential Motor Recovery Stages: basic limb synergies appear; minimal voluntary movement; hyperreflexia & initial spasticity

Answer 35

Stage 2

Question 36

Sequential Motor Recovery Stages: full synergy w/ increased to severe spasticity

Answer 36

Stage 3

Question 37

Sequential Motor Recovery Stages: synergy an spasticity begin to decline

Answer 37

Stage 4

Question 38

Sequential Motor Recovery Stages: synergy & spasticity continually decline & isolated joint movements increase

Answer 38

Stage 5

Question 39

Sequential Motor Recovery Stages: Spasticity disappears & near normal movement

Answer 39

Stage 6