Module 1: Motor Control, PNF, NDT Flashcards
3 stages of motor learning
Cognitive Stage
Associative Stage
Autonomous Stage
PNF principle: spread of mm response from stronger to weaker muscles
-use strong patterns to reinforce weaker
Overflow/Irradiation
PNF principle: max resistance used to elicit strong contraction for overflow from strong to weak components
Timing for Emphasis
PNF principle: closed-packed joint; used manually during WB positions and PNF extensor patterns
Approximation
PNF principle: open-packed joint; used manually to facilitate motion in PNF flexion patterns
Traction
PNF Technique: to improve mobility
-slow movement w/ passive rotation around axis
-progress passive to active
Rhythmic rotation
PNF Technique: to improve mobility & controlled mobility
-progression from PROM to AAROM to AROM to RROM
Rhythmic Initiation
PNF Technique: to improve stability
-alternates agonist & antagonist mm groups w/ isometric contraction
-w/ hand placement switch
Stabilizing Reversals/ Alternating Isometrics
PNF Technique:: to improve stability
-alternates agonist/antagonist w/ isometric contraction & rotation component (use co-contraction)
Rhythmic Stabilization
PNF Technique: to improve controlled mobility (& stability if holding)
-uses concentric contraction w/ alternating agonist/antagonist
Dynamic Reversals/Slow Reversal Hold
PNF Technique: to improve controlled mobility
-repeated concentric contractions of agonists only used for very weak mm/movement patterns
-can use quick stretch & resistance
Repeated Contractions/Repeated Stretch
PNF Technique: to improve mobility
-end range stretch, isometric contraction, passively into new range
-uses autogenic inhibition
Hold Relax
PNF Technique: to improve controlled mobility
-concentric contraction of agonist, then isometric hold, then eccentric lengthening contraction
-hand placement stays same
Combination Isotonics
PNF Technique: to improve mobility
-end range stretch, concentric contraction, actively into new range
-uses reciprocal inhibition
Contract Relax
PNF Technique: improve mob/stab/controlled mob
-for very weak mm (1/5 MMT)
-isometric contraction in short range then passive movement into lengthened range; quick stretch and resistance
Hold Relax Active Motion (HRAM)
PNF Pattern: improve controlled mobility
1) UE into D1E
2) UE into D2 F
-watch w/ eyes; other arm facilitates
Chop/Lift
PNF Technique: improve controlled mob & skill
uses stretch, approximation & tracking resistance to pelvic motion for walk/crawl
Resisted Progression
Sensory Stimulation Technique: brief stretch applied to mm to facilitate agonist mm contraction
Quick Stretch
Sensory Stimulation Technique: slow maintained (static) stretch to inhibit mm contraction
Prolonged Stretch
Sensory Stimulation Technique: slow firm squeeze to mm belly/tendon across longitudinal access (30 sec) to inhibit mm tone
Inhibitory Pressure
Sensory Stimulation Technique: tactile feedback to contract mm;
-sweep, alternate or pressure
Tapping/ Repeated Quick Stretch
Vestibular Stimulation Techniques: slow vs. fast movement for which patients?
slow- for under-responsive pts (to facilitate)
fast: for over-responsive pts (to calm)
Treatment technique in which sensory feedback is critical to inhibiting abnormal reactions & facilitating normal movement
Neurodevelopmental Technique (NDT)
NDT Principles: ____ is foundation for all skill
____ are not permitted
postural control
substitution/compensatory movements
NDT Treatment Technique: active movement control via active guidance or manual assistance
-for mobility & learning motor skill
Guided movement
NDT Treatment Technique: manual contacts use proximal points (trunk, head, shoulder, pelvis) & distal points (hands, feet)
Key Points of Control
Movement Theory- Synergistic movement pattern:
elbow flexion to acute angle w/ supinated forearm; wrist/finger flexion
Flexion Synergy UE
Movement Theory- Synergistic movement pattern:
shoulder IR, elbow ext, wrist/finger flexion
Extension Synergy UE
Movement Theory- Synergistic movement pattern:
hip flex/abd/ER, knee flex, DF “frog-leg”
Flexion Synergy LE
Movement Theory- Synergistic movement pattern:
hip ext/add/IR, knee ext, PF
-extended bow-leg; scissoring & circumduction gait
Extension Synergy LE
Compensatory Training Approach:
use ____ for functional tasks
incorporate ___ to offload dysfunctioning limbs
substitution & compensation
Assistive Devices
3 types of inhibitory sensory stimulation techniques
Deep pressure
neutral warmth
prolonged cold
NDT Treatment Technique: therapist assist pt’s body segments into alignment for functional movement; holds position and practices moving back and forth
Place and Hold
Sequential Motor Recovery Stages: flaccidity; no movement
Stage 1
Sequential Motor Recovery Stages: basic limb synergies appear; minimal voluntary movement; hyperreflexia & initial spasticity
Stage 2
Sequential Motor Recovery Stages: full synergy w/ increased to severe spasticity
Stage 3
Sequential Motor Recovery Stages: synergy an spasticity begin to decline
Stage 4
Sequential Motor Recovery Stages: synergy & spasticity continually decline & isolated joint movements increase
Stage 5
Sequential Motor Recovery Stages: Spasticity disappears & near normal movement
Stage 6
