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Advanced Procedures > Mod 2: CNS/PNS > Flashcards

Mod 2: CNS/PNS Flashcards

1
Q

“worms” under the skin d/t nerve & mm unit disconnecting

A

fasciculations

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2
Q

slow, twisting writhing movements that are large in amplitude (in UE/LEs)

A

athetosis

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3
Q

rapid, brief, irregular contractions

A

chorea

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4
Q

large amplitude chorea

A

ballism

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5
Q

sustained mm contractions that cause twisting, abnormal postures & repetitive movements of axial mm (trunk/head)

A

dystonia

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6
Q

involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements
-resting, postural, intention

A

tremors

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7
Q

brief, repetitive coordinated movements that occur at irregular intervals

A

tics

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8
Q

inability to initiate movement

A

akinesia

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9
Q

generalized weakness d/t cerebellar pathology

A

asthenia

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10
Q

inability to perform coordinated movements

A

ataxia

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11
Q

resistance to movement that has a phasic quality to it

A

cogwheel rigidity

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12
Q

inability to perform rapid, alternating movements

A

dysdiadochokinesia

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13
Q

inability to control range of movement

A

dysmetria

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14
Q

LMN: damaged motor neurons in anterior horn
-compensated renervation fails & cause ongoing mm denervation

A

post-polio syndrome

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15
Q

PPS
precaution: ____
s/s:

A

careful not to fatigue
s/s: progressive weakness, mm atrophy, pain, dysphagia

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16
Q

LMN: autoimmune disease w/ deficit in transmission of nerve impulses at NM junction
-ACH uptake problem

A

Myasthenia Graves

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17
Q

s/s: extreme fatigue, skeletal mm weakness, ocular effects (ptosis, diplopia) ,dysphagia

A

Myasthenia graves

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18
Q

LMN: Hyperglycemia & microvascular disease causes nerve ischemia

A

diabetic neuropathy

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19
Q

Peripheral Nerve Lesions:
1- isolated nerve lesion
2-impairment/dysfunction of peripheral nerves
3-diffuse nerve dysfunction
4- abnormal growth of cells

A

1- mononeuropathy
2-peripheral neuropathy
3- polyneuropathy
4- neuroma

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20
Q

Peripheral Nerve Lesion:
acute nerve injury d/t myelin dysfunction
-nerve conduction preserved near lesion
-rapid recovery

A

neuropraxia

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21
Q

Peripheral Nerve Lesion: traction, compression & crush injuries w/ reversible damage to axons
-slower healing than mm/ST; spontaneous recovery

A

axonotmesis

22
Q

Peripheral Nerve Lesion: severe, irreversible injury w/ transection of nerve trunk
-damaged axon, myelin & CT
-loss of sensation, paralysis etc

A

neurotmesis

23
Q

LMN: temporary, unilateral facial paralysis d/t trauma
-damaged CN 7
-similar presentation to myasthenia graves

A

Bell’s Palsy

24
Q

peripheral nerve entrapment injury d/t median nerve compression
-atrophy of thenar eminance

A

Carpal Tunnel syndrome

25
Q

LMN: demyelinates PNS
-neuropathy of whole body
s/s delayed weeks after incident
-autoimmune response

A

Guillain Barre Syndrome

26
Q

S/s: hyporeflexia, distal to proximal progression of demyelination, peak weakness in 2-4 wks, swallowing & respiration issues, ANS affected in severe
-reversible

A

Guillain Barre Syndrome

27
Q

PT Tx: respiratory, ROM, functional mobility, PNF, energy conservation & work simplification
-frequent rest breaks*

A

Guillain Barre Syndrome

28
Q

UMN: degeneration/atrophy of basal ganglia & cerebral cortex
-genetic: autosomal dominant

A

Huntington’s Disease

29
Q

s/s: involuntary chorea, altered personality, tongue protrusion, ataxia, late stage mental deterioration

A

Huntington’s disease

30
Q

Cerebellar disorders:
impaired mitochondrial function, early gait unsteadiness, impaired reflexes, vibration, position senses

A

hereditary ataxias

31
Q

Cerebellar disorders:
neuropathy, pyramidal signs, ataxia, restless leg syndrome
-affect CNS & PNS
-autosomal dominant

A

spinocerebellar ataxias

32
Q

General S/s: ataxia, tremor, dysdiadochokinesis, dsymetria, imbalance, dysarthria, dysphagia, poor eye control

A

Cerebellar disorders

33
Q

UMN: slow progressive disease of CNS w/ demyelinating glial patches (plaques)
-attacks myelin sheath of ventricular, tracts & brainstem
-exacerbations & remissions

A

Multiple Sclerosis

34
Q

s/s: fatigue, depression/anxiety, impaired cognition, unstable mood, diplopia, nystagmus, dysarthria/phagia, ataxia, mm spasm, pain, loss of motor function, loss of precise autonomic control, intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, dec. bladder function

A

Multiple Sclerosis

35
Q

Type of MS:
abrupt onset
few exacerbations
managed by meds & usually complete remission

A

Benign MS

36
Q

Type of MS:
sudden s/s onset
few exacerbations
partial/complete remission
stable for long periods

A

Exacerbating-Remitting MS

37
Q

Type of MS:
gradual onset w/ potential for sudden local s/s
exacerbations
progressive disability w/ unremitting s/s
(general decline)

A

Remitting-Progressive MS

38
Q

Type of MS:
slow onset
exacerbations
severe disability d/t no remission of s/s

A

Progressive MS

39
Q

MS:
this symptom (____) d/t demyelinating lesion in the _____ tract
- indicates a precaution: ______

A

spasticity
corticospinal (descending)
no quick stretch or overstretching

40
Q

2 Exercise precautions for MS:

A

avoid mm fatigue
avoid increased body temp (unregulated autonomic system)

41
Q

UMN: neural degeneration of cells causes decreased dopamine production & excess ACH (imbalance in basal ganglia)- affects ANS
-observed by extrapyramidal s/s (akinesia)

A

Parkinson’s Disease

42
Q

s/s: tremors, (pill-rolling), cogwheel rigidity, loss of postural reflexes (forward flexed position), festinating gait, bradykinesia, akinesia, difficulty dual-tasking, dry eyes, mask-like expression, dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia risk, aches

A

Parkinson’s Disease

43
Q

Treatment options for ______:
reciprocal movement, PNF (rotational), trunk mobility, light strength training, treat posture (upper crossed), dia breathing, gait training, txfer/mobility w/ AD

A

Parkinson’s Disease

44
Q

progressive degeneration of motor cells in frontal cortex, parietal lobe, CN nuclei and anterior horn
-illness of both UMN & LMN (affect corticobulbar & corticospinal tracts most)

A

ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)

45
Q

s/s: motor symptoms distally first, LE cramps, progressive stiffness, weak bulbar mm (head/neck), hyperreflexia, spasticity, low tone, mm atrophy, emotional lability, fasciculations

A

ALS

46
Q

Tx options for ___:
ADs, ADL equipment, active exercise for remaining mm, positioning, deep breathing, mechanical ventilation, gastro tube
-exercise precaution: ____

A

ALS
avoid overuse & fatigue

47
Q

s/s: vertigo, dizzy, nausea, altered balance, auditory changes, hard to dual-task

A

Vestibular disorders

48
Q

s/s: mood disturbance, unconscious, uncontrollable jerking of extremities, mm stiffness, loss of mm control

A

Epilepsy

49
Q

progressive neuro disorder w/ deterioration & irreversible damage within cerebral cortex & subcortical areas
-ACH transmitting neurons deteriorate

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

50
Q

s/s: change in higher cortical fxn (loss of orientation, poor lability, dec. self-care skills/unsafe at home)
-behavioral & motor problem (perseveration, aphasia, apraxia, wandering)
-severe intellectual & physical destruction

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

Advanced Procedures (7 decks)

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