Mod 2: CNS/PNS Flashcards
“worms” under the skin d/t nerve & mm unit disconnecting
fasciculations
slow, twisting writhing movements that are large in amplitude (in UE/LEs)
athetosis
rapid, brief, irregular contractions
chorea
large amplitude chorea
ballism
sustained mm contractions that cause twisting, abnormal postures & repetitive movements of axial mm (trunk/head)
dystonia
involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements
-resting, postural, intention
tremors
brief, repetitive coordinated movements that occur at irregular intervals
tics
inability to initiate movement
akinesia
generalized weakness d/t cerebellar pathology
asthenia
inability to perform coordinated movements
ataxia
resistance to movement that has a phasic quality to it
cogwheel rigidity
inability to perform rapid, alternating movements
dysdiadochokinesia
inability to control range of movement
dysmetria
LMN: damaged motor neurons in anterior horn
-compensated renervation fails & cause ongoing mm denervation
post-polio syndrome
PPS
precaution: ____
s/s:
careful not to fatigue
s/s: progressive weakness, mm atrophy, pain, dysphagia
LMN: autoimmune disease w/ deficit in transmission of nerve impulses at NM junction
-ACH uptake problem
Myasthenia Graves
s/s: extreme fatigue, skeletal mm weakness, ocular effects (ptosis, diplopia) ,dysphagia
Myasthenia graves
LMN: Hyperglycemia & microvascular disease causes nerve ischemia
diabetic neuropathy
Peripheral Nerve Lesions:
1- isolated nerve lesion
2-impairment/dysfunction of peripheral nerves
3-diffuse nerve dysfunction
4- abnormal growth of cells
1- mononeuropathy
2-peripheral neuropathy
3- polyneuropathy
4- neuroma
Peripheral Nerve Lesion:
acute nerve injury d/t myelin dysfunction
-nerve conduction preserved near lesion
-rapid recovery
neuropraxia
Peripheral Nerve Lesion: traction, compression & crush injuries w/ reversible damage to axons
-slower healing than mm/ST; spontaneous recovery
axonotmesis
Peripheral Nerve Lesion: severe, irreversible injury w/ transection of nerve trunk
-damaged axon, myelin & CT
-loss of sensation, paralysis etc
neurotmesis
LMN: temporary, unilateral facial paralysis d/t trauma
-damaged CN 7
-similar presentation to myasthenia graves
Bell’s Palsy
peripheral nerve entrapment injury d/t median nerve compression
-atrophy of thenar eminance
Carpal Tunnel syndrome
LMN: demyelinates PNS
-neuropathy of whole body
s/s delayed weeks after incident
-autoimmune response
Guillain Barre Syndrome
S/s: hyporeflexia, distal to proximal progression of demyelination, peak weakness in 2-4 wks, swallowing & respiration issues, ANS affected in severe
-reversible
Guillain Barre Syndrome
PT Tx: respiratory, ROM, functional mobility, PNF, energy conservation & work simplification
-frequent rest breaks*
Guillain Barre Syndrome
UMN: degeneration/atrophy of basal ganglia & cerebral cortex
-genetic: autosomal dominant
Huntington’s Disease
s/s: involuntary chorea, altered personality, tongue protrusion, ataxia, late stage mental deterioration
Huntington’s disease
Cerebellar disorders:
impaired mitochondrial function, early gait unsteadiness, impaired reflexes, vibration, position senses
hereditary ataxias
Cerebellar disorders:
neuropathy, pyramidal signs, ataxia, restless leg syndrome
-affect CNS & PNS
-autosomal dominant
spinocerebellar ataxias
General S/s: ataxia, tremor, dysdiadochokinesis, dsymetria, imbalance, dysarthria, dysphagia, poor eye control
Cerebellar disorders
UMN: slow progressive disease of CNS w/ demyelinating glial patches (plaques)
-attacks myelin sheath of ventricular, tracts & brainstem
-exacerbations & remissions
Multiple Sclerosis
s/s: fatigue, depression/anxiety, impaired cognition, unstable mood, diplopia, nystagmus, dysarthria/phagia, ataxia, mm spasm, pain, loss of motor function, loss of precise autonomic control, intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, dec. bladder function
Multiple Sclerosis
Type of MS:
abrupt onset
few exacerbations
managed by meds & usually complete remission
Benign MS
Type of MS:
sudden s/s onset
few exacerbations
partial/complete remission
stable for long periods
Exacerbating-Remitting MS
Type of MS:
gradual onset w/ potential for sudden local s/s
exacerbations
progressive disability w/ unremitting s/s
(general decline)
Remitting-Progressive MS
Type of MS:
slow onset
exacerbations
severe disability d/t no remission of s/s
Progressive MS
MS:
this symptom (____) d/t demyelinating lesion in the _____ tract
- indicates a precaution: ______
spasticity
corticospinal (descending)
no quick stretch or overstretching
2 Exercise precautions for MS:
avoid mm fatigue
avoid increased body temp (unregulated autonomic system)
UMN: neural degeneration of cells causes decreased dopamine production & excess ACH (imbalance in basal ganglia)- affects ANS
-observed by extrapyramidal s/s (akinesia)
Parkinson’s Disease
s/s: tremors, (pill-rolling), cogwheel rigidity, loss of postural reflexes (forward flexed position), festinating gait, bradykinesia, akinesia, difficulty dual-tasking, dry eyes, mask-like expression, dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia risk, aches
Parkinson’s Disease
Treatment options for ______:
reciprocal movement, PNF (rotational), trunk mobility, light strength training, treat posture (upper crossed), dia breathing, gait training, txfer/mobility w/ AD
Parkinson’s Disease
progressive degeneration of motor cells in frontal cortex, parietal lobe, CN nuclei and anterior horn
-illness of both UMN & LMN (affect corticobulbar & corticospinal tracts most)
ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)
s/s: motor symptoms distally first, LE cramps, progressive stiffness, weak bulbar mm (head/neck), hyperreflexia, spasticity, low tone, mm atrophy, emotional lability, fasciculations
ALS
Tx options for ___:
ADs, ADL equipment, active exercise for remaining mm, positioning, deep breathing, mechanical ventilation, gastro tube
-exercise precaution: ____
ALS
avoid overuse & fatigue
s/s: vertigo, dizzy, nausea, altered balance, auditory changes, hard to dual-task
Vestibular disorders
s/s: mood disturbance, unconscious, uncontrollable jerking of extremities, mm stiffness, loss of mm control
Epilepsy
progressive neuro disorder w/ deterioration & irreversible damage within cerebral cortex & subcortical areas
-ACH transmitting neurons deteriorate
Alzheimer’s Disease
s/s: change in higher cortical fxn (loss of orientation, poor lability, dec. self-care skills/unsafe at home)
-behavioral & motor problem (perseveration, aphasia, apraxia, wandering)
-severe intellectual & physical destruction
Alzheimer’s Disease
