Mod 2: CNS/PNS

Question 1

“worms” under the skin d/t nerve & mm unit disconnecting

Answer 1

fasciculations

Question 2

slow, twisting writhing movements that are large in amplitude (in UE/LEs)

Answer 2

athetosis

Question 3

rapid, brief, irregular contractions

Answer 3

chorea

Question 4

large amplitude chorea

Answer 4

ballism

Question 5

sustained mm contractions that cause twisting, abnormal postures & repetitive movements of axial mm (trunk/head)

Answer 5

dystonia

Question 6

involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements
-resting, postural, intention

Answer 6

tremors

Question 7

brief, repetitive coordinated movements that occur at irregular intervals

Answer 7

tics

Question 8

inability to initiate movement

Answer 8

akinesia

Question 9

generalized weakness d/t cerebellar pathology

Answer 9

asthenia

Question 10

inability to perform coordinated movements

Answer 10

ataxia

Question 11

resistance to movement that has a phasic quality to it

Answer 11

cogwheel rigidity

Question 12

inability to perform rapid, alternating movements

Answer 12

dysdiadochokinesia

Question 13

inability to control range of movement

Answer 13

dysmetria

Question 14

LMN: damaged motor neurons in anterior horn
-compensated renervation fails & cause ongoing mm denervation

Answer 14

post-polio syndrome

Question 15

PPS
precaution: ____
s/s:

Answer 15

careful not to fatigue
s/s: progressive weakness, mm atrophy, pain, dysphagia

Question 16

LMN: autoimmune disease w/ deficit in transmission of nerve impulses at NM junction
-ACH uptake problem

Answer 16

Myasthenia Graves

Question 17

s/s: extreme fatigue, skeletal mm weakness, ocular effects (ptosis, diplopia) ,dysphagia

Answer 17

Myasthenia graves

Question 18

LMN: Hyperglycemia & microvascular disease causes nerve ischemia

Answer 18

diabetic neuropathy

Question 19

Peripheral Nerve Lesions:
1- isolated nerve lesion
2-impairment/dysfunction of peripheral nerves
3-diffuse nerve dysfunction
4- abnormal growth of cells

Answer 19

1- mononeuropathy
2-peripheral neuropathy
3- polyneuropathy
4- neuroma

Question 20

Peripheral Nerve Lesion:
acute nerve injury d/t myelin dysfunction
-nerve conduction preserved near lesion
-rapid recovery

Answer 20

neuropraxia

Question 21

Peripheral Nerve Lesion: traction, compression & crush injuries w/ reversible damage to axons
-slower healing than mm/ST; spontaneous recovery

Answer 21

axonotmesis

Question 22

Peripheral Nerve Lesion: severe, irreversible injury w/ transection of nerve trunk
-damaged axon, myelin & CT
-loss of sensation, paralysis etc

Answer 22

neurotmesis

Question 23

LMN: temporary, unilateral facial paralysis d/t trauma
-damaged CN 7
-similar presentation to myasthenia graves

Answer 23

Bell’s Palsy

Question 24

peripheral nerve entrapment injury d/t median nerve compression
-atrophy of thenar eminance

Answer 24

Carpal Tunnel syndrome

Question 25

LMN: demyelinates PNS -neuropathy of whole body s/s delayed weeks after incident -autoimmune response

Answer 25

Guillain Barre Syndrome

Question 26

S/s: hyporeflexia, distal to proximal progression of demyelination, peak weakness in 2-4 wks, swallowing & respiration issues, ANS affected in severe -reversible

Answer 26

Guillain Barre Syndrome

Question 27

PT Tx: respiratory, ROM, functional mobility, PNF, energy conservation & work simplification -frequent rest breaks*

Answer 27

Guillain Barre Syndrome

Question 28

UMN: degeneration/atrophy of basal ganglia & cerebral cortex -genetic: autosomal dominant

Answer 28

Huntington's Disease

Question 29

s/s: involuntary chorea, altered personality, tongue protrusion, ataxia, late stage mental deterioration

Answer 29

Huntington's disease

Question 30

Cerebellar disorders: impaired mitochondrial function, early gait unsteadiness, impaired reflexes, vibration, position senses

Answer 30

hereditary ataxias

Question 31

Cerebellar disorders: neuropathy, pyramidal signs, ataxia, restless leg syndrome -affect CNS & PNS -autosomal dominant

Answer 31

spinocerebellar ataxias

Question 32

General S/s: ataxia, tremor, dysdiadochokinesis, dsymetria, imbalance, dysarthria, dysphagia, poor eye control

Answer 32

Cerebellar disorders

Question 33

UMN: slow progressive disease of CNS w/ demyelinating glial patches (plaques) -attacks myelin sheath of ventricular, tracts & brainstem -exacerbations & remissions

Answer 33

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 34

s/s: fatigue, depression/anxiety, impaired cognition, unstable mood, diplopia, nystagmus, dysarthria/phagia, ataxia, mm spasm, pain, loss of motor function, loss of precise autonomic control, intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, dec. bladder function

Answer 34

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 35

Type of MS: abrupt onset few exacerbations managed by meds & usually complete remission

Answer 35

Benign MS

Question 36

Type of MS: sudden s/s onset few exacerbations partial/complete remission stable for long periods

Answer 36

Exacerbating-Remitting MS

Question 37

Type of MS: gradual onset w/ potential for sudden local s/s exacerbations progressive disability w/ unremitting s/s (general decline)

Answer 37

Remitting-Progressive MS

Question 38

Type of MS: slow onset exacerbations severe disability d/t no remission of s/s

Answer 38

Progressive MS

Question 39

MS: this symptom (____) d/t demyelinating lesion in the _____ tract - indicates a precaution: ______

Answer 39

spasticity corticospinal (descending) no quick stretch or overstretching

Question 40

2 Exercise precautions for MS:

Answer 40

avoid mm fatigue avoid increased body temp (unregulated autonomic system)

Question 41

UMN: neural degeneration of cells causes decreased dopamine production & excess ACH (imbalance in basal ganglia)- affects ANS -observed by extrapyramidal s/s (akinesia)

Answer 41

Parkinson's Disease

Question 42

s/s: tremors, (pill-rolling), cogwheel rigidity, loss of postural reflexes (forward flexed position), festinating gait, bradykinesia, akinesia, difficulty dual-tasking, dry eyes, mask-like expression, dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia risk, aches

Answer 42

Parkinson's Disease

Question 43

Treatment options for ______: reciprocal movement, PNF (rotational), trunk mobility, light strength training, treat posture (upper crossed), dia breathing, gait training, txfer/mobility w/ AD

Answer 43

Parkinson's Disease

Question 44

progressive degeneration of motor cells in frontal cortex, parietal lobe, CN nuclei and anterior horn -illness of both UMN & LMN (affect corticobulbar & corticospinal tracts most)

Answer 44

ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)

Question 45

s/s: motor symptoms distally first, LE cramps, progressive stiffness, weak bulbar mm (head/neck), hyperreflexia, spasticity, low tone, mm atrophy, emotional lability, fasciculations

Answer 45

ALS

Question 46

Tx options for ___: ADs, ADL equipment, active exercise for remaining mm, positioning, deep breathing, mechanical ventilation, gastro tube -exercise precaution: ____

Answer 46

ALS avoid overuse & fatigue

Question 47

s/s: vertigo, dizzy, nausea, altered balance, auditory changes, hard to dual-task

Answer 47

Vestibular disorders

Question 48

s/s: mood disturbance, unconscious, uncontrollable jerking of extremities, mm stiffness, loss of mm control

Answer 48

Epilepsy

Question 49

progressive neuro disorder w/ deterioration & irreversible damage within cerebral cortex & subcortical areas -ACH transmitting neurons deteriorate

Answer 49

Alzheimer's Disease

Question 50

s/s: change in higher cortical fxn (loss of orientation, poor lability, dec. self-care skills/unsafe at home) -behavioral & motor problem (perseveration, aphasia, apraxia, wandering) -severe intellectual & physical destruction

Answer 50

Alzheimer's Disease