module 1: microbiology, basic biochemistry, cells & cell parts Flashcards
what is microbiology?
the study of all small things (bacteria, archaea, eukarya)
what is the size of bacteria?
1-10 micrometers
what is the size of viruses?
20 nanometers (polio is one of the smallest)
what is the size range of eukaryotes?
30-50 micrometers, but can also be as small as 7 micrometers
what roles do microbes play?
not always positive, depends on their relationship
where are microbes NOT found?
sterile environments, 100% microbe free.
when was microbiology first discovered?
1600s-early 1700s
what chemical bonds are positive/negative?
ionic bonds
what chemical bonds share electrons?
covalent bonds
describe hydrogen bonds
attraction of positive side to the negative side of another molecule
what part of the scientific process do we use chemistry in microbiology?
the “experimental” step
what part of the periodic table are we most focused on? why?
halogens, because they are microbe killers. examples: fluorine, bromine, iodine
what part of the pH scale is considered “acidic”?
the range from 0-7
what is 7 considered on the ph scale?
base
what part of the pH scale is considered “basic”?
7-14
what can really really extreme pH do to a protein?
reduce/denature the protein… to unfold, break down, or fall apart
what is a redox reaction?
part of an energy exchange used in metabolism that makes energy, or ATP
what is LEO in terms of redox reaction?
Lost of an electron… oxidation
what is GER in terms of redox reaction?
Gaining of an electron… reduced
what is the subunit for Carbohydrate?
glucose- 6 carbon sugar
what is a polymer?
giant repeating compound
what is the subunit for lipids?
fatty acids
are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophillic?
hydrophobic (from the fatty acid tails, which face each other to form the membrane)
what cells is cholesterol found?
animal cells, cell membrane