Module 1: Mental Health Nursing - An Overview

Question 1

Discuss the historical perspective of the treatment for patients with mental illness

Answer 1

• aboriginals had holistic approaches to care for mind, body, soul of those with mental illness

Question 2

Describe the two continua that depict the relationship between mental health and mental disorders

Answer 2

• the mental health continuum assigns one endpoint as maximal mental disorder and the opposite endpoint as absence of mental disorder, allowing for a range of impairment and distress
• the mental health continuum assigns one pole as optimal mental health and the opposite pole as minimal mental health

Question 3

List and describe the influences that can have an impact on an individual’s mental health

Answer 3

• health practices and beliefs
• inherited factores
• biological influences
• hormonal influences
• cultural and subcultural beliefs
• negative influences
  
  • > psychosocial stressors
  • > impaired/ inadequate parenting
• demographic and geographic locations
• personality traits and states
• developmental events
• family influence
• spirituality, religious influence
• available support system:
  
  • > friends
  • > family
  • > community
• environmental experiences

Question 4

Explain the purpose of and how the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual DSM-5 is used to classify mental disorders and diagnose psychiatric disorders

Answer 4

• DSM-5 serves as the official guide for diagnosing mental health disorders
• does not classify ppl but rather the disorders ppl have
• organizes diagnoses on a developmental hierarchy
• listing more than 350 diagnoses

Question 5

All or nothing thinking (common cognitive distortions)

Answer 5

thinking in black and white, reducing complex outcomes into absolutes

Question 6

Overgeneralization (common cognitive distortions)

Answer 6

using a bad outcome (or a few bad outcomes) as evidence that nothing will ever go right again

Question 7

Labelling (common cognitive distortions)

Answer 7

Generalizing a characteristic or event so that is becomes definitive and results in an overly harsh label for self others

Question 8

Mental Filter (common cognitive distortions)

Answer 8

focusing on a negative detail or bad event and allowing it to taint everything else

Question 9

Disqualifying the Positive (common cognitive distortions)

Answer 9

maintaining a negative view by rejecting information that supports a positive view as being irrelevant, inaccurate or accident

Question 10

Jumping to Conclusions

Answer 10

making a negative interpretation despite the fact that there is little or no supporting evidence

Question 11

Hildegard Peplau

Answer 11

• developed the first systemic framework for psychiatric nursing in her book “interpersonal relations in nursing”
• focused on the interpersonal relation model of nursing practice
  - > to educate and help individuals and communities use there capacities to live more productively
• most universal contribution is her application of Sullivans theory’s of anxiety to the nursing practice

Question 12

Sigmund Freud

Answer 12

• came to believe many mental health disorders were caused by unresolved issues that originated during childhood
  
  • used hypnosis and then changed to talk therapy

Question 13

Milieu Therapy

Answer 13

• recognizes the people, setting, structure and emotional climate as important to healing