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Physiology Module 1 > Module 1: Membrane Electrophysiology, Nerve and Synaptic Physiology > Flashcards

Module 1: Membrane Electrophysiology, Nerve and Synaptic Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Interaction between the chemical gradient and electrostatic force

A

Resting membrane potential

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1
Q

T or F: Proteins are intrinsically negative and cannot readily pass through cell membrane.

A

T

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2
Q

Combination if the following results in the RMP:

A

Potassium diffusion
Sodium diffusion
Na, K, ATPase

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3
Q

Major determinant of RMP

A

Potassium

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4
Q

T or F: In normal nerve fiber, the permeability of the membrane to K is about 100 times as great as to Na.

A

T

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5
Q

Diffusion potential level across a membrane that exactly opposes the net diffusion of a particular ion

A

Nernst Equation

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6
Q

Determined by the ratio of the concentrations of that specific ion on the two sides of the membrane

A

Nernst potential

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7
Q

T or F: The greater the ratio, the greater the tendency for the ion to diffuse in one direction, and therefore the greater the Nernst potential requires to prevent additional net diffusion

A

T

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8
Q

A phenomenon of solutions that contributes to the formation of an electrical potential across a cell membrane

A

Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium

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9
Q

A rapid, all-or-none change in the membrane potential followed by a return to the resting membrane potential

A

Action potential

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10
Q

_______________ in the plasma membrane are the basis for action potentials.

A

Voltage-dependent ion channels

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11
Q

T or F: action potentials have stereotypical size and shape, are propagating, and are all-or-none.

A

T

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12
Q

Requirements for an action potential

A

Lipid bilayer
Unequal distribution of ions
Selective permeability of membrane

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13
Q

Makes the membrane potential LESS negative

A

Depolarization

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14
Q

Makes the membrane potential MORE negative

A

Hyperpolarization

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15
Q

Is the membrane potential at which the action potential is inevitable

A

Threshold

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16
Q

The period during which another action potential cannot be elicited, no matter how large the stimulus

A

Absolute refractory period

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17
Q

Begins at the end of absolute refractory period and continuous until the membrane potential returns to the resting level

A

Relative refractory period

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18
Q

T or F: During relative refractory period, action potential can be elicited only if a larger than usual inward current is provided

A

T

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19
Q

Occurs when the cell membrane is held at a depolarized level such that the threshold potential is passed without firing an action potential

A

Accomodation

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20
Q

Propagation of action potential

A

Away from the stimulus

All or Nothing Principle

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21
Q

T or F: Anterograde-away from the center, Kinesin

A

T

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22
Q

T or F: Retrograde-towards the center, Dynein

A

T

23
Q

T or F: Nerve cells are capable of division.

A

F, they are incapable

24
Q

T or F: Nernst potential is potential OUTSIDE the membrane.

A

F, inside

25
Q

T or F: Sign of Nernst potential is (+) if ion diffuses from inside to outside.

A

T

26
Q

Glial cells that regulate microenvironment of the CNS

A

Astrocytes

27
Q

Produces myelin sheath

A

Schwann cells

28
Q

Glial cells that are capable of phagocytosis (macrophages)

A

Microglia

29
Q

Glial cells that are responsible for CSF production

A

Ependymal cells

30
Q

Signals are transferred form one cell to another via a synapse

A

Synaptic transmission

31
Q

Low resistance pathway between cells that allows current to flow directly from one cell to another

A

Electrical synapse

32
Q

Communication occur via intermediaries called neurotransmitters

A

Chemical synapse

33
Q

Key events in the presynaptic membrane

A

Action potential..
Entry of calcium..
Release of NT

34
Q

Key events in the postsynaptic membrane

A

Binding of NT..

Response

35
Q

Opening of calcium channels
Depressed conduction through chloride or potassium channels
Various changes in the internal metabolism

A

Excitation

36
Q

Opening of Cl ion channels through the postsynaptic neuronal membrane
Increase in conductance of potassium ions out of the neuron
Activation of receptor enzymes

A

Inhibition

37
Q

Mediate chemical signaling between neurons

A

Neurotransmitters

38
Q

Criteria to be a neurotransmitter

A

There should be specific receptors for it
The cell must be able to synthesize the substance
Released on depolarization of the terminal
There should be specific receptors

39
Q

Acetylcholine: Origin? Function?

A

Origin-basal forebrain (nucleus basilis)

Function-learning, memory

40
Q

Noreepinephrine: Origin? Function?

A

Origin-locus ceruleus

Function-arousal, wakefulness

41
Q

Dopamine: Origin? Function?

A

Origin-substantia nigra

Function-fine tuning of movements, reward

42
Q

Serotonin: Origin? Function?

A

Origin-median raphe

Function-mood, sleep

43
Q

Inputs that depolarize the postsynaptic cell, bringing it closer to threshold and closer to firing an action potential

A

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials (EPSP)

44
Q

EPSP is caused by opening of

A

Na and K channels

45
Q

Inputs that hyperpolarize the postsynaptic cell, moving it away from threshold and farther from firing

A

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials (IPSP)

46
Q

IPSP is caused by opening of

A

Cl channels

47
Q

Process of adding up postsynaptic potentials and responding to their net effect

A

Summation

48
Q

Two types of summation

A

Temporal summation

Spatial summation

49
Q

Most prevalent NT in the brain; excitatory

A

Glutamate

50
Q

Dopamine: excitatory or inhibitory

A

Both

51
Q

Secreted by synapses in the spinal cord; inhibitory

A

Glycine

52
Q

GABA: excitatory or inhibitory

A

Inhibitory

53
Q

Controls long term behavior and memory; inhibitory

A

Nitric oxide

54
Q

T or F: Nitric oxide NEEDS receptor.

A

F

Physiology Module 1 (4 decks)

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