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ASSOCIATES IN EMERGENCY CARE 24-25 > MODULE 1 MEDICATIONS > Flashcards

MODULE 1 MEDICATIONS Flashcards

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1
Q

ALBUTUEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
CLASSIFICATION

A
  • Beta 2 Agonist
  • Sympathomimetic Bronchodialtor
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2
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
ADULT Dosages

A
  • 2.5mg - 5mg via nebulizer
  • Can be administered as a DuoNeb with 0.5mg Atrovent
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3
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
PEDIATRIC Dosages

A

OVER 2 YEARS OLD or GREATER THAN 20 kg

  • 2.5mg via nebulizer
    -can be administer as DuoNeb with 0.5 mg Atrovent

UNDER 2 YEARS OLD or LESS THAN 20 kg

  • 1.25mg via nubulizer
  • Can be administered as DuoNeb with 0.25 mg Atrovent
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4
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
Mechanism of Action

A

-Relaxes bronchial smooth muscles by stimulating beta 2 receptors resulting in bronchodialation and decrease airway resistance

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5
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
Pharmacokinetics

A

-onset of action within 5 to 15 minutes after inhalation, usually prompt improvement

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6
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
Indications

A
  • Bronchial Asthma
  • Bronchospasm due to
    •anaphylaxis
    •Inhalation of toxic inhalation
    •burns
  • COPD
  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Emphysema
  • Crush Syndrome (greater than 4hrs)
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7
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
Contraindications

A

-Known Hypersensitivity
-Tachydysrythmias

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8
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
Adverse Reactions

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Tremors
  • Throat irritations
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Dry mouth
  • Anxiety
  • Palpitations
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9
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
PEARLS

A
  • 1st dose administered in conjunction with Atrovent. Subsequent doses are Albuterol ONLY.
  • 6 to 8 LMP O2 necessary to activate nebulizer medications
  • Medication chamber must remain upright for effective delivery
  • Nebulizers can be adapted to accommodate a mask or for use during BVM and/or ET intubation administration
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10
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
Classification

A
  • Anticholinergic
  • Bronchodilator
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11
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
ADULT Dosages

A
  • 0.5 mg via nebulizer
  • Adminster as DuoNeb with 2.5 mg Albuterol
  • NO repeat Dosage for Atrovent
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12
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
PEDIATRIC Dosages

A

OVER 2 YEARS OLD or OVER 20 kg

  • 0.5mg via nebulizer with 2.5 mg Albuterol

UNDER 2 YEARS OLD or UNDER 20 kg

  • 0.25 mg via nebulizer with 1.25 mg Albuterol
  • NO Repeat dosage for Atrovent
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13
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
Indications

A
  • Bronchial Asthma
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Burns
  • Toxic Inhalation
  • COPD
  • Emphysema
  • Chronic Bronchitis
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14
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
Mechanism of Action

A
  • Inhibits interaction of acetylcholine at receptor sites on bronchial smooth muscle
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15
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
Contraindications

A
  • Known Hypersensitivity to Ipratopium Bromide AND/OR Atropine
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16
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
Adverse Effects

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Headache
  • Blurred vision
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17
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
PEARLS

A
  • Soy and Peanut allergies may be a contraindication for Atrovent. The soy lecithin indgrient that causes the cascade is found in Combivent MDI’s
  • Always follow local protocols
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18
Q

MAGNEIUM SULFATE
Classification

A
  • Antidysrythmia
  • Anticonvulsant
  • Electrolyte
  • CNS Depressant
  • Smooth Muscle Relaxant
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19
Q

MAGNEISUM SULFATE
DOSAGE - Eclamptic Seizure

A
  • 4 g Diluted in 50 ml normal saline (OR D5W)
  • Slow IV infusion over 5 - 10 min
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20
Q

MAGNESIUM SULFATE
DOSAGE - Status Asthmaticus

A
  • 1 to 2 g in 50 ml normal saline (OR D5W)
  • IVP over 5 - 10 minutes
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21
Q

MAGNESIUM SULFATE
DOSAGE - Torsades de Pointes w/ pulse

A
  • 2 g diluted in 50 ml D5W
  • Slow IVP over 10 min
22
Q

MAGNEIUM SULFATE
DOSAGE - Refractory VF and Torsades de Pointes WITHOUT pulse

ADULT

A

ADULT

  • 1 to 2 g diluted in 50 ml D5W
  • Slow IVP over 2 min
23
Q

MAGNESIUM SULFATE
DOSAGE - Refractory VF and Torsades de Pointes WITHOUT pulse

PEDIATRIC

A

PEDIACTRIC

  • 25 to 50 mg /kg in 50 ml
  • Slow IV/IO over 2 minutes.
    MAX DOSE OF 2 G
24
Q

MAGNESIUM SULFATE
Mechanism of Action

A
  • As an antidysrhymthmic, Magnesium Sulfate is a physiological Calcium Channel Blocker that reduces SA node impulse formation and prolongs conduction in the myocardium
  • As an anticonvulsant, Magnesium Sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine at the myoneural junction
25
Q

MAGNESIUM SULFATE
Indications

A
  • Preeclampsia/Eclampsia
  • Status Asthmaticus
  • Torsades des Pointes
  • Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation
  • Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia w/ suspected hypomagnesemia
26
Q

MAGNESIUM SULFATE
Contraindications

A
  • Myasthenia Gravis
  • Impaired renal function ( Includes dialysis patients)
27
Q

MAGNESIUM SULFATE
Pearls

A
  • Torsades de Pointes may require doses of 5 to 9 g of Magnesium Sulfate
  • As a smooth muscle relaxant, Magnesium Sulfate is an effective second line intervention for refractory asthma
  • If eclamptic seizures are refractory to Magnesium Sulfate, proceed to Benzodiazepine medication
28
Q

METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol)
Classification

A
  • Corticosteroid
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Suppresses immune response (especially in allergic reactions)
29
Q

METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol)
ADULT Dosage

A
  • 125 mg slow IV/IM/IO
30
Q

METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol)
PEDIATRIC Dosage

A
  • 2 mg/kg
  • Slow IV/IO/IM
    *MAX DOSE 125 mg
31
Q

METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol)
Mechanism of Action

A
  • Onset of action is within 1 to 6 hours
  • Thought to stabilize cellular and intracellular membranes
  • Enters target cells and causes many complex reactions that are responsible for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects
32
Q

METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol)
Indications

A
  • Allergic reactions
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Asthma
  • COPD
33
Q

METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol)
Contraindications

A
  • Known hypersensitivity to the drug
  • Systemic fungal infection
  • Premature infant
    *** Act-O-Vial contains Benzyl Alcohol (fatal to premature infants)
34
Q

METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol)
Adverse Effects

A
  • None from a single dose
35
Q

NALOXONE (Narcan)
Classification

A
  • NARcatic ANtagonist (Opioids)
36
Q

NALOXONE (Narcan)
ADULT Dosage

A
  • 0.4 to 2.0 mg IV/IO/IM
  • 2 mg/2ml IN
    *** Repeat as necessary to maintain respiratory activity/drive
37
Q

NALOXONE (Narcan)
PEDIATRIC Dosage

A
  • 0.1 mg/kg IVP/IO/IM/IN
    ***MAX initial dose of 2 mg
  • Maximum total dose of 0.5 mg/kg
    *** may be repeated as necessary to maintain respiratory activity/drive
38
Q

NALOXONE (Narcan)
Mechanism of Action

A
  • Reverses all effects due to opioid agents
  • Reverse the respiratory depression
  • Reverse Central AND Peripheral Nervous System effects
39
Q

NALOXONE (Narcan)
Pharmacokinetics

A
  • Onset of action within a few minutes if administered IV
  • Intramuscular and Endotracheal administration results in a slower onset of action
  • May require additional doses and transport to hospital since narcotics last longer than Naloxone
40
Q

NALOXONE (Narcan)
Indications

A
  • To reverse respiratory and central nervous system depression induced by opiates
41
Q

NALOXONE (Narcan)
Contraindications

A
  • Newborns/Neonates of addicted mothers.
    *** Usage may cause seizures due to abrupt withdrawal
42
Q

NALOXONE (Narcan)
Adverse Effects

A
  • Not clinically significant
43
Q

NALOXONE (Narcan)
PEARLS

A
  • May induce opiate withdrawal opiate addicted patients
  • Certain drugs may require much higher doses than are currently use
  • Should be administered and titrated to return respiratory drive but not intended to restore full consciousness
44
Q

ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran)
Classification

A
  • Anti-emetic
45
Q

ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran)
ADULT Dosage

A
  • 4 mg undiluted IV
  • 4 mg ODT Tablet dissolved in mouth
46
Q

ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran)
PEDIATRIC Dosage

A
  • 0.1 mg/kg undiluted slow IV
    ***MAX DOSE OF 4 mg

GREATER THAN 2 YEARS OLD
- 4 mg ODT tablet dissolved in mouth

LESS THAN 2 YEARS OLD
- 2 mg ODT Tablet dissolved in mouth
(Cut 4 mg in half)

47
Q

ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran)
Mechanism of Action

A
  • MOA not fully understood but it is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
48
Q

ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran)
Indications

A
  • Control & Prevention of nausea and vomiting
49
Q

ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran)
Contraindications

A
  • Known Hypersensitivity
  • Prolonged QT Syndrome
50
Q

ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran)
Adverse Effects

A
  • Chest pain (rarely)
  • EKG changes
  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Blurred vision
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms

ASSOCIATES IN EMERGENCY CARE 24-25 (5 decks)

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