Module 1 MCQ's Flashcards
Which is the main antigen presenting cell that activates naive T-cells?
Dendritic cell
During the attachment phase of a viral replication cycle, the virus interacts with which cellular components?
Receptor
Under normal conditions, the electrical pacing of the heart is governed by cells in which area?
Sinoatrial node
Pharmacokinetic parameters describe the movement of a drug through the body. Which parameter will influence systemic bioavailability?
First pass metabolism
Which class of antibacterial agents inhibits bacterial cell folate synthesis?
Sulphonamides
The exposure of a 19 day old blastocyst to a teratogen that specifically damages endodermal tissue might lead to developmental problems with which system/structure?
The respiratory tract
Which structure within the developing embryo does the umbilicus, or a structure contained within the umbilicus, have a direct connection to?
Gut tube
Which part of an arterial wall accumulates lipid in an atheromatous plaque?
Tunica intima
A 46 year old man presents to A&E with left sided chest pain, radiating down the inner surface of his left upper limb. A myocardial infarction was diagnosed and medical imaging later revealed that the occlusion was in his anterior interventricular (left anterior descending) coronary artery.
Which part of the heart would show the most ischaemic damage following his MI?
The interventricular septum
The human GluRC gene can be used to produce two proteins with different primary structure. This has implications for the normal development and maturation of the nervous system.
What is the mechanism by which introns are removed from heteronuclear ribonucleic acid (hnRNA) to form messenger RNA (mRNA)?
RNA splicing
What is an antigen recognition molecule that is associated with adaptive immunity?
Immunoglobulin
In tissues with high energy requirements such as the heart, a lack of oxygen supply can result in cell death.
At which site in the cell does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
Mitochondrion
What are the end products of the metabolic process of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
In a screening programme, it is likely that a positive screening test is false because…?
The prevalence of disease is low
A 46 year old man suffered from a condition that lead to ischaemic damage to the end of his spinal cord at vertebral level L2. The injury rendered spinal nerves L4-S5 non-functional, and therefore the structures normally innervated by the cord below this level were no longer innervated (bear in mind that L2 is just above the level of your umbilicus). Why would the man still have:
- nervous innervation to the smooth muscle of all of his vasculature (both above and below L2)?
- nervous innervation to parts of his reproductive system involved in secretion via smooth muscle action?
The sympathetic nerves supplying the described viscera exit the cord above L2, and travel inferiorly via a different route
A 70 year old man has a cancer of a gland in his pelvic cavity that is spreading via the lymphatic system.
What structures do the lymphatic vessels draining this organ travel with?
Arteries supplying the gland
Give each of the following it’s genetic term:
- Physical or biochemical characteristics of a person
- Possessing different alleles at a particular locus on homologous chromosomes
- Set of chromosomes in a gamete
- Phenotype
- Heterozygous
- Haploid
Identify the type of factor described by the health belief model in each example:
- My knee flares up when I try to exercise more
- I guess my headache came from drinking too many cocktails last night
- I thought it was only homosexual men and drug addicts who got HIV
- I would find it easier to get to the 9am lecture if I drank less during the week
- Barriers to action
- Severity of threat to health
- Vulnerability to health threat
- Benefits of action
The human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are important components of immune responses in humans.
Where in human cells would the HLA antigens be found?
Plasmalemma
Examination of a newborn baby reveals that it has an absent ohiltru and epicanthic folds. Follow-up examinations reveal that the baby also has mental retardation.
Exposure of the embryo and foetus in-utero to which potential teratogen is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
Ethanol
A child with an autosomal recessive condition, with recessive alleles, p, has parents with no symptoms.
What alleles are his parents likely to have?
Pp, Pp
Bacteria have material external to and enclosing the cytoplasm. A feature of this material in Gram positive bacteria is often what?
A thick peptidoglycan layer
An F2 doctor is examining a chest X-ray in a clinic. Which structures should the doctor normally see in the superior mediastinum region of the X-ray?
Trachea
Tropinin proteins are cardiac muscle markers that can be detected in the blood after a myocardial infarction. With which part of cardiac muscle cells are the troponins associated?
The contractile machinery
