Innate Immunity Flashcards
What do we have in our blood vessels? (3 items)
- Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
- White blood cells (leukocytes)
- Proteins
Which 2 phagocytes do we have under our skin?
Mast cells and Dendritic cells
In our blood vessels we have leukocytes. These can be phagocytes such as which important type of leukocyte that is found here?
Monocytes
What important thing is included in the proteins in our blood vessels that helps the inflammatory response? Name the 3 most important variations of this…
Inflammatory mediators
- Arachidonic acid
- Kinin
- Plasmin
When a pathogen enters the skin, how does a mast cell recognise it?
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMPs)
Never found in our body-always foreign
When a mast cell recognises a pathogen, what is its response and what two things does this response cause?
The mast cell releases granules containing histamine.
Histamine causes 1. Increased vascular permeability
2. Vasodilation
What are the two main types of phagocytes under our skin? For one of these answers, give the special cell type name.
- Macrophages
2. Dendritic cells: in particular Langerhan cells
Macrophages and langerhan cells (dendritic cells) are both what type of cells?
Antigen Presenting Cells
When Langerhan cells (dendritic cells) and macrophages detect pathogens via their PAMP’s, what do they secrete?
Cytokines
What are the 3 main roles of cytokines?
- Communicating with other cells
- Increases vascular permeability
- Attracts more immune cells to the area
An increase in vascular permeability allows which two cell types through the blood vessel wall?
Monocytes and neutrophils
When a monocytes leaves a blood vessel, what cell does it turn into?
Macrophage
Via which process do neutrophils leave the blood vessel wall?
Diapedesis
Macrophages do which process involving coating the pathogen so that phagocytes and other immune cells can recognise and eliminate it?
Opsonisation
Which two proteins in the blood vessel are responsible for the start of opsonisation?
Plasmins and kinins
Plasmins and kinins activate which proteins? What does this then initiate?
Complement proteins, initiating the complement cascade
What are the two outcomes of initiating the complement cascade?
- Opsonise pathogen
2. Destroy pathogen by rupturing its membrane
Briefly state how innate immunity recognises pathogens and how adaptive immunity recognises pathogens…
Innate recognition via PAMP (Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern)
Adaptive recognition via specific antigen of pathogen
True or false: PAMP is normally found within the body
False
Give 4 examples of PAMP’s…
- Lipopolysaccharides (LP’s)
- Lipoprotease
- Peptidoglycans
- Lipoteichoic acids (LTA’s)
True or false: PAMP can be any part of a pathogen (eg. Cell wall, flagella, DNA, RNA, etc.)
True
What do innate cells have that allow them to identify PAMP’s?
Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRR’s)
What are the 3 types of Pathogen Recognition Receptors that trigger the immune response?
- Intracellular
- Extra cellular
- Secretory (cytoplasmic)
What are the two ways that extra cellular PRR’s work and which receptors are involved in each?
- Pathogen engulfed, lysosomal content released, destroyed
RECEPTOR: mannose & scavenger - Signal to nucleus, release of cytokines/interferons
RECEPTOR: toll-like
