Module 1 - Lesson 5 Flashcards
what are the 4 bones that make up the structure of the pelvis?
- sacrum
- coccyx
- right and left innominate bones-3parts - illium
pubis
ischium
what is the sacrum?
fusion of 5 modified vertebrae
- part of spine
what is the coccyx?
4 modified fused vertebrae - tailbone
part of spine
what are the R/L innominate bones?
sides of the pelvic bones - 3 parts - ilium
pubis
ischium
what is the ilium?
largest and superior bone in the innominate bones - joins to sacrum - makes SI joint
what is the pubis?
the inferior and anterior part of hip bones - comes out infront creating a hole down the middle - like a bowl - like if you put out hands and arms in front of you like a hug it would be your hands.
what is the ischium?
inferior and posterior part of the hip bones
- sit bones
do the pubic bones join? explain.
yes at the midline, joined by the pubic symphysis- flexible
the pelvic bones have a _________shape
concave curvature
what is the function of the pelvic bones?
- weight bearing
- direct the fetal head during child birth
- protect the pelvic organs
what is the pelvic inlet?
- upper opening of the true pelvis
- pelvic brim
- from pubic symphysis to the sacral promontory
what is the pelvic outlet?
- lower opening of the true pelvis
- From lower border of symphasis pubis to coccyx
what is the false pelvis? where? what is in it?
- superior to the pelvic inlet
- partially lined with bone - ilium
- organs - ileum (small intestine) , sigmoid colon
- muscles - psoas, iliacus, iliopsoas
what is the true pelvis? where? what is in it?
- inferior to pelvic brim (pelvic inlet)
- entirely lined with bone
Organs -
Bladder
Uterus
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Vagina
Rectum
Parts of colon
Muscles
OIM (Obturator internus muscle- lateral wall)
Piriformis (posterior wall)
Coccygeus (posterior floor)
Levator ani (3) (middle and anterior floor)
what is the rectus abdominis?
- ab muscles
- line anterior wall of abdominopelvic cavity
- ribs to pubic bone
how do muscles appear on u/s?
hypoechoic with bright striations
how does the iliopsoas appear in u/s?
bullseye - do not mistake as ovary
what is the psoas?
a long fusiform muscle on either side of the vertebral column and the brim of the lesser pelvis. At its distal end, it combines with the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas muscle.
- false pelvis
- medial
what is the iliacus
a flat, triangular muscle which fills the iliac fossa
- lateral to psoas
- false pelvis
what muscles are in the false pelvis?
iliopsoas: comprised of:
psoas
iliacus
what muscles are in the true pelvis?
Piriformis*
Coccygeus*
Obturator Internus
Levator ani
what is the piriformis?
muscle in true pelvis
- runs from spine around butt to thigh/top of femur
what is the coccygeus?
posterior to the levator ani
what two muscles in the true pelvis are not well visualized in u/s?
coccygeus and piriformis
what is the obturator internus?
lateral to bladder wall - sometimes seen on u/s
lateral to pelvic floor
levator ani
hammock shaped muscle
makes up pelvic floor
what composes the pelvic floor?
levator ani - anterior and middle
coccygeus - posterior
what is the function of the pelvic floor?
support pelvic organs
- injury can effect continence and prolapse
what are the ligaments in the uterus?
broad
round
cardinal
uterosacral
what are the ligaments in the ovaries?
suspensory
ovarian
what are the other names for the cardinal ligament?
aka Mackenrodt ligament or Transverse Cervical ligament
what is the other name for the suspensory ligament?
infundibulopelvic
what foes the round ligament do?
attaches to the cornua - fulls the fundus - responsible for flexion/anteversion
