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Cardiovascular Sonography - DMSC 1130 > Module 1 - Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Module 1 - Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 heart chambers?

A

R/L ventricles
R/L atriums

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2
Q

what are the the 2 large arteries that leave the heart?

A

pulmonary and aorta

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3
Q

which chambers are larger A or V?

A

ventricles

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4
Q

which chambers are lower A or V?

A

ventricles

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5
Q

ventricles are the _ and _ chambers

A

larger and lower

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6
Q

atriums are found where in the heart

A

above the ventricles
A = Above
A= first in Alphabet= on top

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7
Q

atriums are the larger chambers T/F

A

false - atriums are small
A= addie = small girl = smaller chamber
A= addie = whos the best = on top

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8
Q

what are the characteristics of the left ventricle?

A
  • thicker
    -conical shape
    -attached to mitral valve
    -bi-commissural valve - 2 junction points with fishmouth appearance
  • paired papillary muscles
  • AV valve inserts porximally - closer to the atria
  • continuity between AV valve and great artery
  • smooth internal surface
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9
Q

valves are in the Atriums or ventricles?

A

ventricles
valves = ventricles

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10
Q

what are the characteristics of the right ventricle?

A
  • tricuspid valve
  • thinner walled
  • triangular shape
  • tricommisural valve - 3 junction points
  • 3 papillary muscles - one attached to sternum
  • tricuspid inserts more directly and closer to apex
  • no continuity between great artery and AV valve
  • coarse trabeculations
  • moderator band
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11
Q

what are some characteristics of the left atrium?

A
  • all 4 pulmonary veins drain into here
  • does not drain systemic veins (IVC or SVC)
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12
Q

what are some characteristics of the right atrium?

A
  • large systemic veins drain into here - IVC and SVC and coronary sinus
  • larger appendage than left atrium
  • all pulmonary veins drain into the Left Atrium
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13
Q

what are auricles?

A

atrial appendages
- outpouchings from the atria

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14
Q

what are atrial appendages?

A

outpouchings from the atria

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15
Q

which atrial appendages are more easily seen?

A

left

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16
Q

what are the three branches of the aorta?

A

brachiocephalic artery
left common carotid
left subclavian

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17
Q

what is a key characteristic of the aorta?

A

3 large vessels coming off
exit with left ventricle characteristics

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18
Q

what is a key characteristic of the pulmonary artery?

A
  • large vessel - bifurcates into 2 branches - t shaped
  • exit with right ventrical features
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19
Q

what are some normal variants in the left ventricle?

A

false chords and tendons - strings

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20
Q

what are some normal variants in the right atrium?

A

4 -
eustachian valve
crista terminalis
thesbian valve
chiari network

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21
Q

what is the eustachian valve?

A

normal variant of the right atrium
- reminant valve at junction of IVC and right atrium

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22
Q

what is crista terminalis?

A

normal variant of the right atrium
- ridge of tissue maybe mistaken for a mass in the Right atrium

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23
Q

what is the thesbian valve?

A

normal variant of the right atrium
- membrane or fold at opening of coronary sinus

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24
Q

what is the chiari network?

A

normal variant of the right atrium
- mobile membrane in RA attaches from crista terminalis

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25
Q

the aorta is attached to the _ventricle

A

left

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26
Q

the pulmonary artery is attached to the _ ventricle

A

right

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27
Q

Found at the opening of the IVC into the right atrium

A

Eustachian valve

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28
Q

Thin, linear structures seen in the left ventricle

A

False cords/ false tendons

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29
Q

A membrane at the opening of the coronary sinus

A

Thesbian valve

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30
Q

Ridge of tissue in the right atrium

A

Crista terminalis

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31
Q

Very thin, highly mobile membrane in the right atrium

A

Chiari network

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32
Q

what is the purpose of heart valves?

A

to control the direction of blood flow

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33
Q

what are leaflets?

A

fibrous tissue of valves that open and close

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34
Q

what are commissures?

A

where the valves seal together at the corners

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35
Q

what is coaptation?

A

the meeting up - creates a good seal in valves

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36
Q

what is a semilunar valve?

A

valves at the vessels
aortic and pulmonary
open is systole

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37
Q

which valves are open at systole?

A

semilunar

38
Q

what is systole?

A

contraction of the heart - pushes blood out
semilunar valves open

39
Q

semilunar valves open at?

A

systole

40
Q

Aortic valve is ______

A

semilunar

41
Q

pulmonary valve is_______

A

semilunar

42
Q

aortic valve is open during systole or diastole?

A

systole - b/c semilunar

43
Q

pulmonary valve is open during systole or diasole?

A

systole - b/c semilunar

44
Q

what is an atrioventricular valve?

A

valve between chambers - between atria and ventricles - literally says it in the name

45
Q

what are the atrioventricular valves?

A

mitral and tricuspid

46
Q

the mitral and tricuspid valves are what type of valve?

A

atrioventricular

47
Q

the aortic valve is the opening between

A

the left ventricle and aorta

48
Q

the pulmonary valve is the opening between the

A

right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

49
Q

the mitral valve is the opening between the

A

left atria and ventricle

50
Q

the tricuspid valve is the opening between the

A

right atria and ventricle

51
Q

the tricuspid valve goes with which semilunar valve?

A

pulmonary

52
Q

the mitral valve goes with which semilunar valve?

A

aortic

53
Q

the atrioventricular valves are open during?

A

diastole

54
Q

what is disatole?

A

the relaxation of the heart - allow the heart to fill

55
Q

the mitral valve is open during

A

diastole

56
Q

the tricuspid valve is open during

A

diastole

57
Q

during diastole the _ and _ valves are open

A

mitral and tricuspid

58
Q

what are two characteristics of the aortic valve?

A
  • annulus
  • cusps - 3
59
Q

the aorta is a __cuspid valve

A

tricuspid - has three valves
or bicuspid - 2 valves

60
Q

what are the three cusps on the aortic valve?

A

right coronary
left coronary
noncornoary
- named after the coronary artery it sits on

61
Q

a closed trileaftlet aortic valve will appear as…

A

an inverted mersades - y

62
Q

an open trileaflet aortic valve will appear as

A

an inverted triangle ***must look like this to be normal

63
Q

a closed bileaflet aortic valve will appear as

A

inverted mersades

64
Q

an open bileaflet aortic valve will appear as

A

oval - two cusps fused and pull back

65
Q

it is more normal for the aorta to be ___cuspid

A

tri

66
Q

in the pulmonary valve you can never see…

A

all three cusps at once

67
Q

the pulmonary valve features

A
  • annulus
  • 3 cusps
68
Q

what are the three cusps in the pulmonary valve

A
  • anterior
    -right posterior
  • left posterior
69
Q

we can never see all three cusps in which valve?

A

pulmonary

70
Q

what are the AV valves?

A

mitral and tricuspid

71
Q

what are the 5 components of the mitral valve?

A

1 -annulus
2- leaflets
3- commissures
4- tendinous chordae
5- papillary muscles

72
Q

the mitral valve is a ___leaflet valve

A

bileaflet

73
Q

that are the 5 components of the tricuspid valve?

A

1 -annulus
2- leaflets - 3
3- commissures
4- tendinous chordae
5- papillary muscles - 3

74
Q

which valve has 3 papillary muscles?

A

tricuspid

75
Q

the tricuspid valve cusps are named?

A

anterior/posterior

76
Q

the coronary cusps are in the ______ valve?

A

aortic

77
Q

what are the three heart wall layers?

A

endocardium
myocardium
pericardium

78
Q

what is the endocardium?

A

innermost layer of the heart
- smooth
- lines ventricle cavities

79
Q

what is the myocardium?

A
  • middle layer of heart
  • thickest layer
  • muscular
  • contracts and relaxes
80
Q

what is the pericardium?

A

outer layer of the heart - 2 layers

81
Q

what are the two layers of the pericardium?

A

serous pericardium
fibrous pericardium

82
Q

what it the serous pericardium?

A

innermost layer
- visceral layer - epicardium
- pericardial space - low pressure fluid
- parietal layer

83
Q

what is the fibrous pericardium?

A
  • outermost layer
  • dense and tough connective tissue
  • anchors to sternum
84
Q

what are the myocardium muscles?

A

left ventricle and right ventrical

85
Q

the mycoardium has different what on each side of the heart?

A

different muscle - one on the right and one on left ventricle

86
Q

the left ventricle myocardium is …

A

3 layers
inner - subendocardial - longitudinal contraction
middle - horizontal contraction-only in LV - causes twisting of heart
outer - extends over RV

87
Q

what muscle layer is only found in the LV

A

middle layer of the myocardium

88
Q

what is the muscle motion in the Right ventricle?

A

longitudinal contraction - apex to the base

89
Q

what are the responsibilities of the pericardium?

A

-protect heart
-limit volume overload
-hold heart position in chest cavity
-creates less friction
- not essential for life

90
Q

how does peri or epi cardinal fat appear in u/s?

A

hypoechoic with striations

Cardiovascular Sonography - DMSC 1130 (5 decks)

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