Module 1 - Lesson 2 Flashcards
what are the 4 heart chambers?
R/L ventricles
R/L atriums
what are the the 2 large arteries that leave the heart?
pulmonary and aorta
which chambers are larger A or V?
ventricles
which chambers are lower A or V?
ventricles
ventricles are the _ and _ chambers
larger and lower
atriums are found where in the heart
above the ventricles
A = Above
A= first in Alphabet= on top
atriums are the larger chambers T/F
false - atriums are small
A= addie = small girl = smaller chamber
A= addie = whos the best = on top
what are the characteristics of the left ventricle?
- thicker
-conical shape
-attached to mitral valve
-bi-commissural valve - 2 junction points with fishmouth appearance - paired papillary muscles
- AV valve inserts porximally - closer to the atria
- continuity between AV valve and great artery
- smooth internal surface
valves are in the Atriums or ventricles?
ventricles
valves = ventricles
what are the characteristics of the right ventricle?
- tricuspid valve
- thinner walled
- triangular shape
- tricommisural valve - 3 junction points
- 3 papillary muscles - one attached to sternum
- tricuspid inserts more directly and closer to apex
- no continuity between great artery and AV valve
- coarse trabeculations
- moderator band
what are some characteristics of the left atrium?
- all 4 pulmonary veins drain into here
- does not drain systemic veins (IVC or SVC)
what are some characteristics of the right atrium?
- large systemic veins drain into here - IVC and SVC and coronary sinus
- larger appendage than left atrium
- all pulmonary veins drain into the Left Atrium
what are auricles?
atrial appendages
- outpouchings from the atria
what are atrial appendages?
outpouchings from the atria
which atrial appendages are more easily seen?
left
what are the three branches of the aorta?
brachiocephalic artery
left common carotid
left subclavian
what is a key characteristic of the aorta?
3 large vessels coming off
exit with left ventricle characteristics
what is a key characteristic of the pulmonary artery?
- large vessel - bifurcates into 2 branches - t shaped
- exit with right ventrical features
what are some normal variants in the left ventricle?
false chords and tendons - strings
what are some normal variants in the right atrium?
4 -
eustachian valve
crista terminalis
thesbian valve
chiari network
what is the eustachian valve?
normal variant of the right atrium
- reminant valve at junction of IVC and right atrium
what is crista terminalis?
normal variant of the right atrium
- ridge of tissue maybe mistaken for a mass in the Right atrium
what is the thesbian valve?
normal variant of the right atrium
- membrane or fold at opening of coronary sinus
what is the chiari network?
normal variant of the right atrium
- mobile membrane in RA attaches from crista terminalis
the aorta is attached to the _ventricle
left
the pulmonary artery is attached to the _ ventricle
right
Found at the opening of the IVC into the right atrium
Eustachian valve
Thin, linear structures seen in the left ventricle
False cords/ false tendons
A membrane at the opening of the coronary sinus
Thesbian valve
Ridge of tissue in the right atrium
Crista terminalis
Very thin, highly mobile membrane in the right atrium
Chiari network
what is the purpose of heart valves?
to control the direction of blood flow
what are leaflets?
fibrous tissue of valves that open and close
what are commissures?
where the valves seal together at the corners
what is coaptation?
the meeting up - creates a good seal in valves
what is a semilunar valve?
valves at the vessels
aortic and pulmonary
open is systole
which valves are open at systole?
semilunar
what is systole?
contraction of the heart - pushes blood out
semilunar valves open
semilunar valves open at?
systole
Aortic valve is ______
semilunar
pulmonary valve is_______
semilunar
aortic valve is open during systole or diastole?
systole - b/c semilunar
pulmonary valve is open during systole or diasole?
systole - b/c semilunar
what is an atrioventricular valve?
valve between chambers - between atria and ventricles - literally says it in the name
what are the atrioventricular valves?
mitral and tricuspid
the mitral and tricuspid valves are what type of valve?
atrioventricular
the aortic valve is the opening between
the left ventricle and aorta
the pulmonary valve is the opening between the
right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
the mitral valve is the opening between the
left atria and ventricle
the tricuspid valve is the opening between the
right atria and ventricle
the tricuspid valve goes with which semilunar valve?
pulmonary
the mitral valve goes with which semilunar valve?
aortic
the atrioventricular valves are open during?
diastole
what is disatole?
the relaxation of the heart - allow the heart to fill
the mitral valve is open during
diastole
the tricuspid valve is open during
diastole
during diastole the _ and _ valves are open
mitral and tricuspid
what are two characteristics of the aortic valve?
- annulus
- cusps - 3
the aorta is a __cuspid valve
tricuspid - has three valves
or bicuspid - 2 valves
what are the three cusps on the aortic valve?
right coronary
left coronary
noncornoary
- named after the coronary artery it sits on
a closed trileaftlet aortic valve will appear as…
an inverted mersades - y
an open trileaflet aortic valve will appear as
an inverted triangle ***must look like this to be normal
a closed bileaflet aortic valve will appear as
inverted mersades
an open bileaflet aortic valve will appear as
oval - two cusps fused and pull back
it is more normal for the aorta to be ___cuspid
tri
in the pulmonary valve you can never see…
all three cusps at once
the pulmonary valve features
- annulus
- 3 cusps
what are the three cusps in the pulmonary valve
- anterior
-right posterior - left posterior
we can never see all three cusps in which valve?
pulmonary
what are the AV valves?
mitral and tricuspid
what are the 5 components of the mitral valve?
1 -annulus
2- leaflets
3- commissures
4- tendinous chordae
5- papillary muscles
the mitral valve is a ___leaflet valve
bileaflet
that are the 5 components of the tricuspid valve?
1 -annulus
2- leaflets - 3
3- commissures
4- tendinous chordae
5- papillary muscles - 3
which valve has 3 papillary muscles?
tricuspid
the tricuspid valve cusps are named?
anterior/posterior
the coronary cusps are in the ______ valve?
aortic
what are the three heart wall layers?
endocardium
myocardium
pericardium
what is the endocardium?
innermost layer of the heart
- smooth
- lines ventricle cavities
what is the myocardium?
- middle layer of heart
- thickest layer
- muscular
- contracts and relaxes
what is the pericardium?
outer layer of the heart - 2 layers
what are the two layers of the pericardium?
serous pericardium
fibrous pericardium
what it the serous pericardium?
innermost layer
- visceral layer - epicardium
- pericardial space - low pressure fluid
- parietal layer
what is the fibrous pericardium?
- outermost layer
- dense and tough connective tissue
- anchors to sternum
what are the myocardium muscles?
left ventricle and right ventrical
the mycoardium has different what on each side of the heart?
different muscle - one on the right and one on left ventricle
the left ventricle myocardium is …
3 layers
inner - subendocardial - longitudinal contraction
middle - horizontal contraction-only in LV - causes twisting of heart
outer - extends over RV
what muscle layer is only found in the LV
middle layer of the myocardium
what is the muscle motion in the Right ventricle?
longitudinal contraction - apex to the base
what are the responsibilities of the pericardium?
-protect heart
-limit volume overload
-hold heart position in chest cavity
-creates less friction
- not essential for life
how does peri or epi cardinal fat appear in u/s?
hypoechoic with striations
