Module 1-- Lecture 2

Question 1

How is the vast diversity in cell and tissue types specified from a limited set of signals?

Question 2

Each dissociated BMP inhibitor (individual cells) become what?

Answer 2

Neurons

Question 3

How is the primordial brain further patterned?

Question 4

Wnts are a family of secreted ___

Answer 4

proteins

Question 5

From neural place, Wnt signals are released as early anterior/posterior patterning signals to establish?

Answer 5

expression of distinct transcription factor domains and define mid/hindbrain boundary

Question 6

Wnt inhibitors are secreted by what?

Answer 6

By the endoderm

Question 7

How do you determine what will be forebrain and midbrain verus hindbrain

Question 8

Boundary of forebrain versus hindbrain is established by what cell fates?

What ultimately dictates these transcription factors?

Answer 8

Otx2 (forebrain and midbrain) versus Gbx2 (hindbrain)

Yin/Yang battle of Wnts

Question 9

ZLI

Answer 9

Zona limitans intrathalamica

Question 10

Cells before and after FGF are receiving the SAME amount of ______

Answer 10

Sonic hedgehog

Question 11

Otx2 interpreted FGF signals to become _______ while Gbx2 interpreted FGF signals become ______

Answer 11

dopaminergic neurons versus serotonergic neurons

Question 12

FGF signals are secreted from where?

Answer 12

Isthmic organizer

Question 13

SHH

Answer 13

Sonic hedgehog secreted

Question 14

What secretes SHH?

Answer 14

Ventral midline

Question 15

FGF signals and SHH gradients work together to specify what?

Answer 15

serotonergic and dopaminergic cells

Question 16

What are the five secreted factors that are used in different regions and times to program neural diversity?

Answer 16

FGFs, BMPs, SHH, Wnt, and Retinoic Acid

Question 17

Put these in order from rostral to caudal: diencephalon, notochord, spinal cord, midbrain, forebrain, telencephalon, hindbrain

Answer 17

Telencephalon, Diencephalon, (make up the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, spinal cord, and notochord is under hindbrain and spinal cord

Question 18

What is KEY to limiting future cell fates?

Answer 18

Initial signals program transcription factor expression

Question 19

What are the stages in early spinal cord development?

Answer 19

a) Neural plate
b) Neural fold
c) neural tube

Question 20

Ventral Neural Tube is patterned by ______

Answer 20

SHH

Question 21

Shh induces each neural class in the ventral spinal cord –> How does a single molecule do this?

Question 22

V0-V3 are all programmed by what?

Answer 22

Shh (ventral side)

Question 23

Roof plate vs. floor plate orientation?

Answer 23

Dorsal versus ventral

Question 24

How do you have such firm demarkations of all 5 transcription factors?

Question 25

How are tight “all or none” fate decisions made at boundaries with similar Shh concentration gradients?