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Global Public Health > Module 1: Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Module 1: Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

United Nations: Human Rights Report on COVID-19

A

documents human rights violation & has reccomendations

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2
Q

United Nations: Human Rights Report on COVID-19 (Documents Human Rights Violations)

A
  • right to information
  • right to freedom or movement
  • right to health & education
  • right to life & to physical integrity
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3
Q

United Nations: Human Rights Report on COVID-19 (Reccomendations)

A
  • ensure that the rights of quarantined people are respected, that they receive food, water, sanitation & medical assistance, & that they are treated with dignity
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4
Q

Definition of Health (WHO)

A

a state of complete physical, mental, & social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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5
Q

Definition of Disease

A

anything that a population (or an individual) experiences that causes, literally, “dis-ease”- anything that leads to discomfort, pain, distress of all sorts, disability of any kind, or death, including injuries and psychiatric disabilities

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6
Q

Why is it Important to Diagnose & Clarify Specific Diseases?

A
  • helps in determining which health intervention programs would be most useful
  • helps determine the most effective prevention & treatment strategies for reducing effects of a disease or risk factor
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7
Q

Definition of Public Health (Edward A. Winslow) 1920

A

the science and the art of PREVENTING disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of COMMUNITY infections, the EDUCATION of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease and the development of the social machinery which will ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health

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8
Q

Public Health (DR)

A

assesses the health of a community (PT)
- diagnoses its problem
- seeks the causes of the problem
- devises strategies to cure them (treatment)

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9
Q

Policy Development is like…

A

the Dr.’s development of a course treatment for a sick patient
- uses scientific knowledge to develop a strategic approach to improve the community’s health

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10
Q

History of Public Health: (Early 1990s to Current)

A

large reductions in death from infectious disease
- improved sanitation
- vaccination

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11
Q

History of Public Health: (1980s)

A

public health “taken for granted”
- very high expenditures on medical care (NOT prevention)
- emergence of new diseases such as HIV/AIDS

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12
Q

Controversy in Public Health: HIV Epidemic

A

ethical & political issues, especially difficult to deal with because the most effective way to prevent its spread is to change people’s behaviors

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13
Q

Controversy in Public Health: PH & Terrorism (Sep 11, 2011)

A

coordinating emergency medical care as well as ensuring safety of response workers and area residents, anthrax and its effect on public safety

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14
Q

Controversy in Public Health: Where does ___________ end and _________ Begin- COVID-19, Public Health Measures

A

civil liberty & societal well-being

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15
Q

Core Functions of Public Health

A

Assessment, Policy Development & Assurance

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16
Q

Assessment

A

what should be done?
“diagnosis”, collection & analysis of data

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17
Q

Policy Development

A

What will be done?
development of a strategic plan to improve community health (resources & priorities)

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18
Q

Assurance

A

How can we best do it?
guaranteeing that the public has services available and accessible to maximize health and well-being

19
Q

10 Essential Services of Public Health

A
  1. assess & monitor
  2. investigate, diagnose & address
  3. communicate
  4. mobilize communities
  5. policies, plans & laws
  6. legal & regulatory actions
  7. assure an effective system, equitable access
  8. skilled public health workforce
  9. ongoing evaluation, research, & continuous quality improvement
  10. strong organizational infrastructure
20
Q
  1. Assess & Monitor
A

assess & monitor population health status, factors that influence health, & community needs & assets

21
Q
  1. Investigate, Diagnose & Address
A

investigate, diagnose & address health problems and hazards affecting the population
i.e. social determinants

22
Q
  1. Communicate
A

communicate effectively to inform and educate people about health, factors that influence it, and how to improve it (bring attention to)

23
Q
  1. Mobilize Communities
A

strengthen, support & mobilize communities & partnerships to improve health (collaboration with a community for a community)

24
Q
  1. Policies, Plans & Laws
A

create, champion, & implement policies, plans & laws that impact health

25
Q
  1. Legal & Regulatory Actions
A

utilize legal & regulatory actions designed to improve & protect the public’s health

26
Q
  1. Assure an Effective System, Equitable Access
A

assure an effective system that enables equitable access to the individual services & care needs to be healthy

27
Q
  1. Skilled Public Health Workforce
A

build & support a diverse & skilled public health workforce (standards for training)

28
Q
  1. Ongoing Evaluation, Research & Continuous Quality Improvement
A

improve & innovate public health functions through ongoing evaluation, research, & continuous quality improvement

29
Q
  1. Strong Organizational Infrastructure
A

build & maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health

30
Q

3 Levels of Prevention

A

primary, secondary & tertiary

31
Q

Primary Prevention

A

prevention of exposure to risk factors for disease (smoking, substance use, etc.)

32
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

have risk factors for disease but do not have symptoms or diagnosis yet (after exposed to risk factors)

33
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

after disease & diagnosis to prevent further burden

34
Q

Cancer (Primary Prevention)

A

avoid unhealthy behaviors that lead to cancer (smoking, exercise, diet)

35
Q

Cancer (Secondary Prevention)

A

screening to detect cancer earlier and, therefore, treat more effectively

36
Q

Cancer (Tertiary Prevention)

A

treatment & rehabilitation of cancer patients

37
Q

High Blood Pressure (Primary Prevention)

A

modify dietary habits in people with family history of high BP

38
Q

High Blood Pressure (Secondary Prevention)

A

regular BP checks to get treatment if necessary (to avoid negative outcomes- heart attack, stroke)

39
Q

High Blood Pressure (Tertiary Prevention)

A

stroke rehabilitation

40
Q

5-Step Process to Approach Public Health Problems

A
  1. Define
  2. Identify
  3. Develop & Test
  4. Implement
  5. Monitor
41
Q

5-Step Process (Define)

A

define the health problem

42
Q

5-Step Process (Identify)

A

identify the risk factors associated with the problem

43
Q

5-Step Process (Develop & Test)

A

develop & test community-level interventions to control or prevent the cause

44
Q

5-Step Process (Implement)

A

implement intervention(s) to improve the population’s health

Global Public Health (2 decks)

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