Module 1 - Introduction to Developmental Psychology

Question 1

Developmental Psychology

Answer 1

The focus of human growth and changes across their lifespan

Question 2

Normative Age-Graded Influences

Answer 2

Similar biological influences for individuals the same age. Eg; puberty

Question 3

Normative History Graded Influences

Answer 3

People born the same time tend to be similar and have the same inpact on the generation

Question 4

Non-Normative Life Events

Answer 4

Unique occurrences impact the individual

Question 5

Developmental Theory: Psychoanalytic (Freud & Erikson)

Answer 5

Conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.
Psychosexual stages of development & 3 parts of personality (ID, Ego, Super-ego)

Question 6

Developmental Theory: Behaviourist

Answer 6

Pavlov: Classical conditioning
Watson: Little Albert
Skinner: Operant conditioning theory

Question 7

Developmental Theory: Behaviourist - Watson: Little Albert

Answer 7

Creating an association between two stimuli

Question 8

Developmental Theory: Behaviourist - Skinner: Operant conditioning theory

Answer 8

Learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior

Question 9

Developmental Theory: Social Learning Theory

Answer 9

Bandura - Influence of modelling & observational learning

Question 10

Developmental Theory: Cognitive - Piaget

Answer 10

Children develop through brain maturation, manipulation, exploration & environment

Question 11

Developmental Theory: Information Processing Theories

Answer 11

Views development similarly to a computer

Question 12

Developmental Theory: Sociocultural Theory (Vygotsky)

Answer 12

Development is socially mediated

Question 13

Developmental Theory: Ethological & Evolutionary (Lorenz)

Answer 13

Adaptive value of behaviour through imprinting

Question 14

Developmental Theory: Ethological & Evolutionary (Bowlby)

Answer 14

Applied ethological theory to understand attachment

Question 14

Developmental Theory: Ethological Systems Theory - Micro Systems Theory

Answer 14

Influence by immediate surroundings

Question 15

Developmental Theory: Ethological Systems Theory - Chronosystem

Answer 15

Ecological transitions
Microsystems - Immediate surroundings

Question 16

Environmental Influences: Family

Answer 16

Bidirectional Influences - Behaviour of each family member affect behaviour of others
Direct Influences - Eg; parents using harsh discipline have more aggressive children
Indirect Influences - 3rd parties, positive or negative influences on development eg; prolonged exposure to unresolved conflicts

Question 17

Environmental Influences: Socioeconomic Status

Answer 17

• Level of education
• Occupational skills
• Income

Related to family size, age of parenting, parental education, family values

Question 18

Life Pathways - Environment & Genetics

Answer 18

Determine:
- Physiological health
- Psychologica health
- Attachments
- Emotional Regulation

Question 19

Epigenesis

Answer 19

Third partiesidirectional influences of heredity and environment (including someones own behaviour) on development

Question 20

Behavioural Genetics

Answer 20

The study and nature of behaviour on a hereditary vs environment basis. Often studies through kinship

Question 21

Gene-environment correlations

Answer 21

Genes influence the exposure to environments

Question 22

Gene-environment correlations - Passive

Answer 22

Child has no control (eg; athletic parents)

Question 23

Gene-environment correlations - Evocative

Answer 23

Children evoke responsews that are influence be heredity which reinforce a characteristic (eg; warm responsive parenting)

Question 24

Gene-environment correlations - Active

Answer 24

Actively choosing an environemtn that complement heredity, increases with age (eg; miche-picking)