Module 1 - Introduction to Developmental Psychology Flashcards
Developmental Psychology
The focus of human growth and changes across their lifespan
Normative Age-Graded Influences
Similar biological influences for individuals the same age. Eg; puberty
Normative History Graded Influences
People born the same time tend to be similar and have the same inpact on the generation
Non-Normative Life Events
Unique occurrences impact the individual
Developmental Theory: Psychoanalytic (Freud & Erikson)
Conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.
Psychosexual stages of development & 3 parts of personality (ID, Ego, Super-ego)
Developmental Theory: Behaviourist
Pavlov: Classical conditioning
Watson: Little Albert
Skinner: Operant conditioning theory
Developmental Theory: Behaviourist - Watson: Little Albert
Creating an association between two stimuli
Developmental Theory: Behaviourist - Skinner: Operant conditioning theory
Learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior
Developmental Theory: Social Learning Theory
Bandura - Influence of modelling & observational learning
Developmental Theory: Cognitive - Piaget
Children develop through brain maturation, manipulation, exploration & environment
Developmental Theory: Information Processing Theories
Views development similarly to a computer
Developmental Theory: Sociocultural Theory (Vygotsky)
Development is socially mediated
Developmental Theory: Ethological & Evolutionary (Lorenz)
Adaptive value of behaviour through imprinting
Developmental Theory: Ethological & Evolutionary (Bowlby)
Applied ethological theory to understand attachment
Developmental Theory: Ethological Systems Theory - Micro Systems Theory
Influence by immediate surroundings
Developmental Theory: Ethological Systems Theory - Chronosystem
Ecological transitions
Microsystems - Immediate surroundings
Environmental Influences: Family
Bidirectional Influences - Behaviour of each family member affect behaviour of others
Direct Influences - Eg; parents using harsh discipline have more aggressive children
Indirect Influences - 3rd parties, positive or negative influences on development eg; prolonged exposure to unresolved conflicts
Environmental Influences: Socioeconomic Status
- Level of education
- Occupational skills
- Income
Related to family size, age of parenting, parental education, family values
Life Pathways - Environment & Genetics
Determine:
- Physiological health
- Psychologica health
- Attachments
- Emotional Regulation
Epigenesis
Third partiesidirectional influences of heredity and environment (including someones own behaviour) on development
Behavioural Genetics
The study and nature of behaviour on a hereditary vs environment basis. Often studies through kinship
Gene-environment correlations
Genes influence the exposure to environments
Gene-environment correlations - Passive
Child has no control (eg; athletic parents)
Gene-environment correlations - Evocative
Children evoke responsews that are influence be heredity which reinforce a characteristic (eg; warm responsive parenting)
