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EARTHQUAKEEE > Module 1: Introduction > Flashcards

Module 1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Density of Core

A

1600 kg/m^3

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2
Q

Also known as the Mantle

A

Asthenosphere

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3
Q

Also known as the Crust

A

Lithosphere

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4
Q

Also known as the Core

A

Barysphere

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5
Q

The earth is conceived to be composed of a sequence of shells or layers called

A

Geosphere

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6
Q

Density of Steel

A

7850 kg/m^3

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7
Q

Density of Mantle

A

6000 kg/m^3

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8
Q

Core’s weight is _____ of steel’s weight.

A

Twice

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9
Q

What causes the earth’s mass to circulate?

A

Convection Current

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The earth’s crust is static but not subjected to motion.

A

False - not static but subjected to motion

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11
Q

These are gigantic rock plates that float in slow motion in a viscous (partially plastic) mantle.

A

Tectonic Plates

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12
Q

Thickness of tectonic plates

A

About 80km

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13
Q

These plates are pushed against and subduct under the continental plates, resulting in continental drift.

A

Oceanic Plates

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14
Q

It is a region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.

A

Pacific Ring of Fire

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15
Q

Are vibrations or oscillations of the ground surface caused by a transient disturbance of the elastic or gravitational equilibrium of the rocks at or beneath the surface of the earth.

A

Earthquakes

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16
Q

The gradual accumulation and subsequent release of stress and strain is described as _______________.

A

Elastic Rebound

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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The upper parts of the earth’s crust and lithosphere are very strong and brittle.

A

True

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18
Q

Earthquakes that occur along the boundaries of the tectonic plates.

A

Interplate Earthquakes

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19
Q

Earthquakes that occurs within the plates themselves, away from the plate boundaries.

A

Intraplate Earthquakes

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20
Q

Slips generated during earthquake at the fault along both horizontal and vertical directions.

A

Dip Slip

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21
Q

Slips generated during earthquake at the fault along the lateral direction.

A

Strike Slip

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22
Q

It has been used as a measure of earthquake size

A

Seismic Moment

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23
Q

This theory implies that an earthquake relieves the accumulated stresses along the portion of the fault on which rupture occurs.

A

Elastic Bound Theory

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24
Q

Large rigid blocks that makes up the earth’s crust.

A

Crustal Plates

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25
Q

Three kinds of plate boundaries or marginal zones

A

Divergent
Convergent
Transform

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26
Q

Kind of plate boundary that is described as the constructive margin. It occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other.

A

Divergent Boundary

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27
Q

Kind of plate boundary that is described as the destructive margin. It occurs when two plates from opposite directions come together and collide.

A

Convergent Boundary

28
Q

Kind of plate boundary that is described as the conservative margin. These are places where plates slide sideways past each other.

A

Transform Boundary

29
Q

According to PHIVOLCS, this is a break, fracture, fissure or zone of weakness where movement or displacement had occurred or may occur again.

A

Fault

30
Q

It is a fault that has moved within the last 10,000 years.

A

Active Fault

31
Q

Also known as the Valley Fault System (VFS) and is a dominantly right-lateral strike slip fault system in Luzon.

A

Marikina Valley Fault System

32
Q

The Philippine Fault transverse from ________ in the north to the eastern __________ in the south.

A

Ilocos Region to Mindanao

33
Q

Length of the Philippine Fault

A

1300 km

34
Q

Density of Crust

A

1500 kg/m^3

35
Q

Application capable to do proximity searches to active faults.

A

PHIVOLCS FaultFinder

36
Q

The vibrations felt in the bedrock are called.

A

Shocks

37
Q

The largest strain energy released during an earthquake travels in the form of ____________ in all directions.

A

Seismic Waves

38
Q

These waves travel through the interior of the earth consisting of P-waves and S-waves.

A

Body Waves

39
Q

These waves are results from interaction between body waves and surface layers of earth

A

Surface Waves

40
Q

Two types of Body Waves

A

P(primary) - waves and S(secondary) - waves

41
Q

Two types of Surface Waves

A

Love waves and Rayleigh Waves

42
Q

It is an instrument used to measure the vibration of the earth and relatively weak ground motions.

A

Seismograph

43
Q

The record produced by seismograph is called —–

A

Seismogram

44
Q

The location of an earthquake implies the location of its ——–

A

Epicenter

45
Q

Is a non-instrumental perceptibility or qualitative measure of damage to structures, ground surface effects, and human reactions to earthquake shaking.

A

Intensity

46
Q

is a seismic scale used and developed by the PHIVOLCS to measure the intensity of an earthquake.

A

PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS)

47
Q

It is the measure of the amount of energy released at the focus.

A

Magnitude

48
Q

It is the size of seismic waves

A

amplitude

49
Q

A map that shows the intensity where the epicenter is near.

A

Isoseismal Map

50
Q

This is the most flexible and best to use magnitude scale

A

Moment Magnitude (Mw)

51
Q

4 most common magnitude scales

A

Richter or Local Magnitude (ML)
Body Wave Magnitude (Mb)
Surface Wave Magnitude (Ms)
Moment Magnitude (Mw)

52
Q

5 Seismic Hazards

A

Ground Rupture
Ground Shaking
Liquefaction
Earthquake-Induced Landslide
Tsunamis

53
Q

Phenomenon wherein sediments, especially near bodies of water, behave like liquid similar to quick sand

A

Liquefaction

54
Q

Down slope movement of rocks, soil and other debris commonly triggered by strong shaking.

A

Earthquake-Induced Landslide

55
Q

Series of waves caused commonly by an earthquake under the sea

A

Tsunamis

56
Q

Deformation on the ground that marks the intersection of the fault with the earth’s surface.

A

Ground Rupture

57
Q

Disruptive up, down, and sideways vibration of the ground during an earthquake.

A

Ground Shaking

58
Q

It is the displacement of the ground due to movement of the fault.

A

Fissuring

59
Q

Also known as the Gutenberg Discontinuity

A

Core-Mantle Boundary

60
Q

Forms when the body waves reflect and refract off of the surface of the Earth.

A

Surface Waves

61
Q

When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, it slides beneath the continental plate forming a ———–

A

Deep Oceanic Trench

62
Q

Geologic Fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall.

A

Normal Fault

63
Q

Geologic Fault in which the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the footwall.

A

Thrust or Reverse Fault

64
Q

The depth of the focus of the epicenter is known as ——————

A

Focal Depth

65
Q

The point of generation of an earthquake is known as the ——– or ———

A

Focus or Center

66
Q

The point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus is known as ———–

A

Epicenter

67
Q

The distance from the epicenter to any point of interest is known as the ——– or ———-

A

Focal Distance or Epicentral Distance

EARTHQUAKEEE (2 decks)

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