Module 1: How to Study based on Psychological Science Flashcards
Inattentional Blindness
When we miss anything that happens outside of our focus of awareness, but we believe we have seen everything and are unaware of what we have missed.
The Cost of Multitasking
When we miss things and are creating errors when shifting our focus from one thing to another. Research indicates that multitasking does not improve efficiency, but actually negatively affects results.
Short-Term Memory
Has limited capacity.
Creates a bottleneck effect for information to get into LTM storage.
Active Engagement
Constructing meaning from course materials.
- making connections from reading to lectures
- making connections between concepts
- forming examples of course concepts
Distributed Practice
Distribute studying across multiple sessions other than massing it in one session.
Interleaving
Mix up the content of what you are studying rather than studying just one type of content.
Deep Processing
Processing that is focused on meaning, comprehension and visual imagery.
Elaboration ->Distinctiveness -> Personal
Dual Coding
Combine visual and verbal materials; creates greater retrieval of information when needed.
Retrieval Practice
Practice recalling and using information.
ex: flash cards, writing down what you know
Overlearning
Keep studying well after it feels like the material is mastered.
Metacognition
A person’s awareness of the level of their understanding of a topic. Those who have poor metacognition have no clue how weak their understanding is.
Dunning Kruger Effect
A cognitive bias in which people with low ability overestimate their ability.
ex: going into a test confident that one will get a good mark, but ends up doing bad.
Overconfidence
People believe they have a good understanding but it is usually shallow, has gaps and misconceptions.
Effective Studying Involves:
Focus, Strategies, and good Metacognition
