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Biology 🔬 > Module 1: Diet And Digestion🍎🍉🍇 > Flashcards

Module 1: Diet And Digestion🍎🍉🍇 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A diet with the correct levels of each Nutrient group for an individual’s lifestyle.

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2
Q

What is Malnutrition?

A

Malnutrition means that a diet is not balanced. This means that a person is not eating enough or maybe they are eating too much of a particular nutrient group.

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3
Q

What is Starvation?

A

Starvation is different from malnutrition. This is when a person does not eat enough of any food. This causes tiredness and wasting diseases, which are most common in developing countries.

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4
Q

Name a source of carbohydrate sugar and its function in the body!

A

Lactose in milk. Sugary carbohydrates provide us with energy.

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5
Q

What is the deficiency of not having enough sugary carbohydrates?

A

Starvation

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6
Q

Name three sources of starchy carbohydrates and the function they do in the body!

A

Rice, potato and pasta are three good sources. Starchy carbohydrates also provide us with energy.

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7
Q

Name the deficiency when not eating enough starchy carbohydrates!

A

Starvation is the deficiency of starchy and sugary carbohydrates.

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8
Q

Name three sources of protein and the function of protein in the body!

A

Chicken, fish and beans are good sources. Protein is useful for growth and repair.

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9
Q

What is the deficiency of to little protein?

A

Kwashiorkor.

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10
Q

Name three sources of fat and the function of fat in the body!

A

Fried foods, bacon and butter are all good sources of fat. Fats function in the body is to provide energy and insulate the body.

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11
Q

What is the deficiency when you have to little fat in your diet?

A

Starvation.

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12
Q

What are some sources of the mineral: calcium, and what is its uses in the body.

A

Milk and cheese are good sources of calcium. Calcium strengthens our teeth and bones and keeps them healthy.

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13
Q

What is the deficiency of to little calcium consumed in the diet?

A

Rickets.

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14
Q

What are some good sources of the mineral: iron, and what is its function in our body?

A

Red meat and green veg are good sources of iron. Iron provides us with healthy red blood cells.

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15
Q

What is the deficiency of having to little iron in the diet?

A

Anaemia.

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16
Q

What are some good sources of vitamin A, and what is its use in the body?

A

A good source of vitamin A is carrots. Vitamin A is essential for good eye sight.

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17
Q

What is the deficiency of to little vitamin A in the diet?

A

Problems seeing in low light.

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18
Q

What are some good sources of vitamin c, and what is its function in the body?

A

Citrus fruits and black currants are good sources of vitamin C. Vitamin C keeps our skin and gums healthy.

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19
Q

What is the deficiency of too little Vitamin C in the diet?

A

Scurvy.

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20
Q

What are some good sources vitamin D and is its function in the body?

A

Oily fish and eggs are good sources of Vitamin D. Vitamin absorbs the calcium to help the bones and teeth.

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21
Q

Name some good sources of fibre and what its function is in the body.

A

Cereal and wholemeal bread are good sources of fibre. Fibre adds bulk to food and keeps gorts healthy

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22
Q

What is the deficiency that occurs if to little fibre is consumed in the diet?

A

If you have too little fibre in your diet you become constipated and may get bowel cancer. Fibre prevents both of these from happening.

23
Q

Name some good sources of water and what water uses are in the body!

A

All drinks and fresh fruit and veg are both good sources of water. 70% of the body is made up of water and is used as a solvent and also major transport.

24
Q

Name the deficiency that occurs when too little water is included in the diet!

A

Dehydration.

25
Q

What is a stroke?

A

A stroke is a blockage in one of the blood vessels leasing to the brain.

26
Q

What are the 7 nutrient groups?

A
  • Carbohydrates.
  • Proteins.
  • Vitamins.
  • Minerals.
  • Fats.
  • water.
  • fibre.
27
Q

The breakdown of food into small soluble molecules that can enter the blood stream. The process begins in the mouth. What is this called?

A

Digestion.

28
Q

The process of taking food into the mouth. What is this called?

A

Ingestion.

29
Q

The process by which the digested food molecules enter the blood stream. What is this called?

A

Absorption.

30
Q

The processes happening in all cells that use up the digested food molecules. What is this called?

A

Assimilation.

31
Q

The removal of waste materials and indigestible parts of the food we eat. What is this called?

A

Egestion.

32
Q

What is Amylase?

A

The enzyme that breaks down starch into soluble sugar.

33
Q

What is protease?

A

The enzyme that breaks down protein into amino acids.

34
Q

What is lipase?

A

The enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

35
Q

What is Excretion?

A

NOT EGESTION! This is a different process that gets rid of waste materials that have been produced inside cells. E.g. Urea, or carbon dioxide.

36
Q

What is a heart attack?

A

A heart attack is a blockage in one or more vessels delivering blood to the heart - linked to diets high in fat.

37
Q

What are processed foods?

A

Food that have been changed prior to being sold. Often they contain high levels of salt, sugar, or chemical preservatives.

38
Q

What are the INCISORS for?

A

The INCISORS the front most cutting teeth in the mouth

39
Q

What are the CANINES for?

A

The CANINES are the pointed teeth close to the side of the mouth. Used for piercing food or holding prey (think of dogs hunting)

40
Q

What are the MOLARS and PREMOLARS for?

A

The MOLARS and PREMOLARS are the larger teeth towards the back back of the mouth. Used for the grinding of food

41
Q

What are ‘milk teeth’ and how many do we have?

A

Milk teeth is the common term for the first set of teeth that you lose between the age of ~5-to-11~ years of age. There are 20 milk teeth

42
Q

How many teeth do adults have?

A

The adult set has wisdom teeth (back molars) and so altogether there are 32 adult teeth

43
Q

What is ENAMEL?

A

ENAMEL is the hard outer covering of the teeth

44
Q

What is the DENTINE?

A

The softer material found beneath the enamel

45
Q

What is the PULP CAVITY?

A

The PULP CAVITY is at the core of the tooth - this is where the nerves and blood vessels are found

46
Q

What is the cement/periodontal fibres?

A

Types of material that hold the tooth in the jaw

47
Q

What is the ‘BOLUS’?

A

BOLUS is the term used to describe a swallowed chunk of food

48
Q

Explain the HYDROCHLORIC ACID in our stomachs:

A

The acid found in the stomach that is responsible for killing any bacteria on our food

49
Q

Explain the DUODENUM:

A

The DUODENUM is the upper part of the small intestine - the process of digestion is completed here

50
Q

What is EMULSION?

A

Emulsion is tiny droplets of fat in water

51
Q

Explain VILLI:

Don’t get confused with MICROVILLI!

A

These are finger like projections that increase the surface area for absorption

52
Q

Explain MICROVILLI:

Don’t get confused with VILLI!

A

These are microscopic folds of the ileum that increase the surface area even more

53
Q

Explain the process of REABSORPTION:

A

The process by which excess water is removed from indigestible foods

Biology 🔬 (3 decks)

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