Module 1: Diet And Digestion🍎🍉🍇 Flashcards
What is a balanced diet?
A diet with the correct levels of each Nutrient group for an individual’s lifestyle.
What is Malnutrition?
Malnutrition means that a diet is not balanced. This means that a person is not eating enough or maybe they are eating too much of a particular nutrient group.
What is Starvation?
Starvation is different from malnutrition. This is when a person does not eat enough of any food. This causes tiredness and wasting diseases, which are most common in developing countries.
Name a source of carbohydrate sugar and its function in the body!
Lactose in milk. Sugary carbohydrates provide us with energy.
What is the deficiency of not having enough sugary carbohydrates?
Starvation
Name three sources of starchy carbohydrates and the function they do in the body!
Rice, potato and pasta are three good sources. Starchy carbohydrates also provide us with energy.
Name the deficiency when not eating enough starchy carbohydrates!
Starvation is the deficiency of starchy and sugary carbohydrates.
Name three sources of protein and the function of protein in the body!
Chicken, fish and beans are good sources. Protein is useful for growth and repair.
What is the deficiency of to little protein?
Kwashiorkor.
Name three sources of fat and the function of fat in the body!
Fried foods, bacon and butter are all good sources of fat. Fats function in the body is to provide energy and insulate the body.
What is the deficiency when you have to little fat in your diet?
Starvation.
What are some sources of the mineral: calcium, and what is its uses in the body.
Milk and cheese are good sources of calcium. Calcium strengthens our teeth and bones and keeps them healthy.
What is the deficiency of to little calcium consumed in the diet?
Rickets.
What are some good sources of the mineral: iron, and what is its function in our body?
Red meat and green veg are good sources of iron. Iron provides us with healthy red blood cells.
What is the deficiency of having to little iron in the diet?
Anaemia.
What are some good sources of vitamin A, and what is its use in the body?
A good source of vitamin A is carrots. Vitamin A is essential for good eye sight.
What is the deficiency of to little vitamin A in the diet?
Problems seeing in low light.
What are some good sources of vitamin c, and what is its function in the body?
Citrus fruits and black currants are good sources of vitamin C. Vitamin C keeps our skin and gums healthy.
What is the deficiency of too little Vitamin C in the diet?
Scurvy.
What are some good sources vitamin D and is its function in the body?
Oily fish and eggs are good sources of Vitamin D. Vitamin absorbs the calcium to help the bones and teeth.
Name some good sources of fibre and what its function is in the body.
Cereal and wholemeal bread are good sources of fibre. Fibre adds bulk to food and keeps gorts healthy
What is the deficiency that occurs if to little fibre is consumed in the diet?
If you have too little fibre in your diet you become constipated and may get bowel cancer. Fibre prevents both of these from happening.
Name some good sources of water and what water uses are in the body!
All drinks and fresh fruit and veg are both good sources of water. 70% of the body is made up of water and is used as a solvent and also major transport.
Name the deficiency that occurs when too little water is included in the diet!
Dehydration.
What is a stroke?
A stroke is a blockage in one of the blood vessels leasing to the brain.
What are the 7 nutrient groups?
- Carbohydrates.
- Proteins.
- Vitamins.
- Minerals.
- Fats.
- water.
- fibre.
The breakdown of food into small soluble molecules that can enter the blood stream. The process begins in the mouth. What is this called?
Digestion.
The process of taking food into the mouth. What is this called?
Ingestion.
The process by which the digested food molecules enter the blood stream. What is this called?
Absorption.
The processes happening in all cells that use up the digested food molecules. What is this called?
Assimilation.
The removal of waste materials and indigestible parts of the food we eat. What is this called?
Egestion.
What is Amylase?
The enzyme that breaks down starch into soluble sugar.
What is protease?
The enzyme that breaks down protein into amino acids.
What is lipase?
The enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
What is Excretion?
NOT EGESTION! This is a different process that gets rid of waste materials that have been produced inside cells. E.g. Urea, or carbon dioxide.
What is a heart attack?
A heart attack is a blockage in one or more vessels delivering blood to the heart - linked to diets high in fat.
What are processed foods?
Food that have been changed prior to being sold. Often they contain high levels of salt, sugar, or chemical preservatives.
What are the INCISORS for?
The INCISORS the front most cutting teeth in the mouth
What are the CANINES for?
The CANINES are the pointed teeth close to the side of the mouth. Used for piercing food or holding prey (think of dogs hunting)
What are the MOLARS and PREMOLARS for?
The MOLARS and PREMOLARS are the larger teeth towards the back back of the mouth. Used for the grinding of food
What are ‘milk teeth’ and how many do we have?
Milk teeth is the common term for the first set of teeth that you lose between the age of ~5-to-11~ years of age. There are 20 milk teeth
How many teeth do adults have?
The adult set has wisdom teeth (back molars) and so altogether there are 32 adult teeth
What is ENAMEL?
ENAMEL is the hard outer covering of the teeth
What is the DENTINE?
The softer material found beneath the enamel
What is the PULP CAVITY?
The PULP CAVITY is at the core of the tooth - this is where the nerves and blood vessels are found
What is the cement/periodontal fibres?
Types of material that hold the tooth in the jaw
What is the ‘BOLUS’?
BOLUS is the term used to describe a swallowed chunk of food
Explain the HYDROCHLORIC ACID in our stomachs:
The acid found in the stomach that is responsible for killing any bacteria on our food
Explain the DUODENUM:
The DUODENUM is the upper part of the small intestine - the process of digestion is completed here
What is EMULSION?
Emulsion is tiny droplets of fat in water
Explain VILLI:
Don’t get confused with MICROVILLI!
These are finger like projections that increase the surface area for absorption
Explain MICROVILLI:
Don’t get confused with VILLI!
These are microscopic folds of the ileum that increase the surface area even more
Explain the process of REABSORPTION:
The process by which excess water is removed from indigestible foods
