Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

REPD 372 > Module 1: Development of the Human Reproductive System > Flashcards

Module 1: Development of the Human Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Basic components of the reproductive system

A

-gametes
-gonads
-reproductive ducts
-external sex organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Haploid cells

A

-after gametogenesis resulting haploid will only contain one sex chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The SRY gene

A

-presence of this gene will determine the process of gonadal differentiation
-found on the y chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SRY in males

A

-present
-activates genes present required for development of testes at week 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

SRY in females

A

-not present
-different genes are expressed that lead to development of oogonia and ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Intersex disorders

A

-cause physiological variations in sexual characteristics that do not fit the typical definition of female or male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Turner syndrome

A

-condition in which female is partially or completely missing one of her X chromosomes
-causes non-functioning ovaries, heart defects, hormonal imbalances and impaired skeletal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sex linked disorders

A

-caused by genetic abnormalities inherited through sec chromosomes only
-do not necessarily affect sexual characteristics of individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Example of sex linked disorders

A

-color blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Early blastocyst

A

-inner layer is embryoblast
-outer layer is trophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Late blastocyst

A

-embryoblast differentiates into epiblast and hypoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gastrulation

A

-the embryo differentiates into 3 germ layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 germ layers of trilaminar disc

A

-ectoderm
-mesoderm
endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What layer forms the reproductive system

A

-mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What weeks does embryonic folding take place

A

-weeks 3 and 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gonadal ridge appearance weeks

A

-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primordial germ cells

A

-earliest cells associated with emergence of gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Primary sex cords

A

-finger like tissue projections formed from gonadal rudges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When do primary sex cords begin to form primitive testes

A

-weeks 7-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Testosterone

A

-directs the development of male reproductive ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DHT

A

-synthesized from testosterone and will direct the development of external male genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When does descent of the testes begin

A

-month 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When does gubernaculum develop

A

-week 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Gubernaculum function

A

-between week 7-12 it shortens to pull testes towards future location in labioscrotal swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Female gonad development

A

-in absence of SRY the primary sex cords degenerate and cortical sex cords begin to develop
-cortical cords eventually form ovarian follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does gubernaculum go on to form in women

A

-round ligament of uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Migration abnormalities

A

-inguinal hernias
-undescended testes
-cryptorchidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why are males more prone to inguinal hernias than females

A

-when testes descend they create a gap in abdominal muscle after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

-occurs when one or both testes fail to complete their migration toward the scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How do the male and female ducts develop

A

-wolffian ducts
-mullerian ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where do wolffian and mullerian ducts originate

A

-intermediate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Mullerian duct regression in males

A

-testosterone and AMH cause them to regress by week 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What do wolffian ducts form in males

A

-ejaculatory ducts
-seminal vesicles
-vas deferens
-epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Wolffian duct regression in females

A

-regress by week 10 of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What do mullerian ducts form in females

A

-fallopian tubes
-uterus
-upper portion of vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

External genitalia development males

A

-cloacal folds form by week 5
-cloacal folds differentiate into urogenital and anal folds by week 7
-exposure to DHT results in growth of genital tubercle and genital swellings by week 10
-genital tubercle continues to grow to form phallus, and urogenital folds fuse to form scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

External genitalia development females

A

-cloacal folds form by week 5
-cloacal folds differentiate into urogenital and anal folds by week 7
-minimal growth of genital tubercle and swellings by week 10
-genital tubercle develops into clitoris, urogenital folds do not fuse and give rise to labia majora and minora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Disorders of sex development

A

-xx male syndrome
-5-alpha-reductase deficiency
-androgen insensitivity syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

XX male syndrome

A

-genetic females with 2 x chromosomes that develop male reproductive structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

5-alpha-reductase deficiency

A

-genetic males with abnormal development of external sex organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

-genetic males with x-linked recessive mutation leading to insensitivity to androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Penile tissues

A

-2 corpora cavernosa
-1 corpus spongiosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Corpora cavernosa

A

-lie next to eachother on dorsal side

44
Q

Corpus spongiosum

A

-lies between corpora cavernosa on ventral side

45
Q

Tunica albuginea of the penis

A

-tough layer of connective tissue

46
Q

Glans of penis

A

-bulbous end of penis formed by corpus spongiosum and supports foreskin

47
Q

Penile fracture

A

-no bone but can still break
-involves rupture of the tunica albuginea

48
Q

The scrotum

A

-dual-chambered suspended sac of skin and smooth muscle that contains the testes

49
Q

Layers of the scrotal sac

A

-scrotal skin
-daros fascia and muscle
-external spermatic fascia
-cremaster muscle
-internal spermatic fascia
-tunica vaginalis
-tunica albuginea

50
Q

Scrotal skin

A

-outer layer of penis

51
Q

Dartos fascia and muscle

A

-layer of fascia and smooth muscle that carries blood supply from skin
-helps regulate temp

52
Q

External spermatic fascia

A

-thin layer of fascia

53
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

-layer of smooth muscle that carries blood and nerve supply to the testes and is responsible for cremasteric reflex of scrotum

54
Q

Internal spermatic fascia

A

-thin layer of fascia

55
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

-serous layer that covers testis and continous with surface of testis and internal surface of scrotum

56
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

-innermost layer covering the testes

57
Q

Seminiferous tubules function

A

-site of spermatogenesis

58
Q

Cells of the seminiferous tubules

A

-spermatogonial cells
-sertoli cells
-leydig cells

59
Q

Spermatogonia cells

A

-cells that become mature sperm

60
Q

Sertoli cells

A

-facilitate process of sperm maturation

61
Q

Leydig cells

A

-in between seminiferous tubules produce and secrete testosterone

62
Q

Male genital ducts

A

-seminiferous tubules
-rete testis
-efferent ducts
-epididymis
-vas deferens

63
Q

Seminiferous tubules types

A

-convoluted (lateral side)
-straight (medial side)

64
Q

Rete testis

A

-network of tubes where sperm are mixed and some fluid are reabsorbed
-exits into efferent ducts

65
Q

Efferent ducts

A

-sperm are further concentrated via reabsorption of fluids
-connect with initial section of epididymis

66
Q

Epididymis

A

-where sperm mature

67
Q

Vas deferens

A

-move here after epididymis to be transported to ejaculatory ducts
-empty into urethra for expulsion

68
Q

Vasectomy

A

-procedure where vas deferens are permanently cut

69
Q

Genital (accessory) glands

A

-seminal vesicles
-prostate gland
-bulbourethral glands

70
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

-produce molecules such as fructose and serve as energy sources for sperm

71
Q

Prostate gland

A

-additional fluid for nourishment and sperm motility

72
Q

Bulbourethral glands

A

-produces fluid that lubricates urethra and nuetralizes acidity associated with residual urine

73
Q

Suspensory ligaments

A

-tether the ovaries to the body wall

74
Q

Structures of the ovaries

A

-germinal epithelium
-tunica albuginea
-ovarian cortex
-ovarian medulla

75
Q

Germinal epithelium of ovary

A

-outermost layer

76
Q

Tunica albuginea of ovary

A

-fibrous layer of connective tissue that protects inner structures

77
Q

Ovarian cortex

A

-contains supporting connective tissue and ovarian follicles
-site of oocyte production

78
Q

Ovarian medulla

A

-vascular tissue that supports ovary

79
Q

Ovarian hormones

A

-estrogen
-progesterone

80
Q

Estrogen

A

-responsible for appearance of secondary sex characteristics in females

81
Q

Progesterone

A

-functions with estrogen by promoting menstrual cycle changes in uterus and by helping sustain pregnancy

82
Q

Layers of the uterus

A

-endometrium
-myometrium
-perimetrium

83
Q

Endometrium

A

-inner layer
-responsible for implantation of embryo
-and for changes seen during menstrual cycle

84
Q

Myometrium

A

-middle layer
-provides support during distension caused by pregnancy and facilitates contractions

85
Q

Perimetrium

A

-outer layer

86
Q

Uterine fibroids

A

-benign growths within myometrium
-growth is stimulated by estrogen so usually regress after menopause

87
Q

Uterine fibroids symptoms

A

-abdominal pain
-excessive bleeding
-tissue necrosis

88
Q

Parts of the fallopian tubes

A

-infundibulum
-ampulla
-isthmus

89
Q

Infundibulum

A

-associated with fimbrae near ovary

90
Q

Ampulla of fallopian tube

A

-major portion of lateral tube where fertilization takes place

91
Q

Isthmus of fallopian tube

A

-narrower part of tube that links to uterus

92
Q

Epithelium of fallopian tubes

A

-ciliated cells
-peg cells

93
Q

Ciliated cells

A

-predominate throughout tube
-estrogen increases production of cilia on these cells

94
Q

Peg cells

A

-interspersed between ciliated cells
-produce tubular fluid that contains nutrients for spermatozoa, oocytes and zygotes

95
Q

2 primary functions of the vagina

A

-sex
-childbirth

96
Q

Parts of the vulva

A

-mons pubis
-labia
-urinary orifice
-clitoris
-vaginal orifice

97
Q

Mons pubis

A

-pubic region directly in front of pubic bone

98
Q

Labia

A

-majora and minora
-folds of skin that cover and protect delicate structures

99
Q

Urinary orifice

A

-external opening of urethra

100
Q

Clitoris

A

-structurally homologous to penis
-highly innervated

101
Q

Vaginal orifice

A

-external opening to vagina

102
Q

Additional vaginal glands

A

-bartholins glands
-skenes glands

103
Q

Bartholins glands

A

-pair of secretory glands located to the left and right of vaginal opening which secrete mucus for lubrication
-homologous to bulbourethral glands

104
Q

Skenes glands

A

-pair of secretory glands which open to the left and right side of urethral orifice
-during arousal they secrete fluid

105
Q

Mammary glands

A

-organ in female mammals that produce milk

106
Q

Lobules of breast

A

-15-20 in each breast
-each of which contain alveolar glands and a lactiferous duct

REPD 372 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions