Module 1: Concept of Man, Risk Factors, Healthcare Settings and Services Flashcards
What are the Seven (7) Components of Wellness
- Environmental
- Social
- Emotional
- Physical
- Spiritual
- Intellectual
- Occupational
______ described his model of high-level wellness as functioning to one’s maximum potential while maintaining balance and a purposeful direction in the environment.
Dunn (1980)
- an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health.
- a more active state, regardless of one’s level of health.
WELLNESS
The Four quadrants of health and wellness are:
- High-level wellness in a favorable environment.
- Protected poor health in a favorable environment.
- Poor health in an unfavorable environment.
- Emergent high-level wellness in an unfavorable environment.
A medical term, meaning that there is a pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind.
DISEASE
______ is the response of the person to a disease; it is an abnormal process in which the person’s level of functioning is changed when compared with a previous level.
ILLNESS
_______ are the way people cope with alterations in function caused by the disease.
Illness behaviors
What are the Classifications of Illness?
Acute Illness
Chronic Illness
It has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time.
Acute Illness
It is a broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health.
usually have a slow onset and many have periods of remission (when the disease is present, but the person does not experience symptoms) and exacerbation (the symptoms of the disease reappear).
Chronic Illness
Is something that increases a person’s chances for illness or injury.
risk factors
Types of risk factors and definitions/examples
- Modifiable – able to be changed, such as quitting smoking
2. Nonmodifiable – unable to be changed, such as a family history of cancer.
It is the totality of services offered by all health disciplines. It is one of the largest industries in the
United States.
Health care system
Causes of Diseases
✓ Inherited genetic defects
✓ Developmental defects
✓ Biologic agents or toxins
✓ Physical agents (temperature, chemicals, and radiation)
✓ Generalized tissue responses to injury or irritation
✓ Physiologic and emotional reactions to stress
✓ Excessive or insufficient production of body secretions (hormones, enzymes, etc.)
Primary Prevention: ___________________
Secondary Prevention: ___________________
Tertiary Prevention: ___________________
Health Promotion and Illness
Diagnosis and Treatment
Rehabilitation, Health Restoration, and Palliative Care
Primary prevention programs are:
adequate and proper nutrition
weight control and exercise,
Stress reduction
Illness prevention programs practices are:
providing immunizations
identifying risk factors for illnesses
helping people take measures to prevent these illnesses from occurring.
The goal of tertiary prevention is:
To help people move to their previous level of health (i.e., to their previous capabilities) or to the highest level they are capable of given their current health status.
Tertiary Prevention
It emphasizes the importance of assisting clients to function adequately in the physical, mental, social, economic, and vocational areas of their lives.
Rehabilitative care
Tertiary Prevention
If the injury is temporary, rehabilitation can assist in return to former function. If the injury is permanent, rehabilitation assists the client in adjusting the way activities are performed in order to maximize the client’s abilities.
Health Restoration
Tertiary Prevention
Providing comfort and treatment for symptoms.
Palliative care
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
it is established at the local, state, and federal levels to provide public health services according to the needs of the area.
Public Health Government (official) agencies
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Public Health Government (official) agencies
Responsible for developing programs to meet the health needs of the people, providing the necessary nursing and other staff and facilities to carry out these programs, continually evaluating the effectiveness of the programs, and monitoring changing needs.
Local health departments
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Public Health Government (official) agencies
They are responsible for assisting the local health departments.
State health organizations
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Public Health Government (official) agencies
Conducts research and provides training in the health field, assists communities in planning and develops health facilities, and assists states and local communities through financing and provision of trained personnel.
The Public Health Service (PHS)
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Public Health Government (official) agencies
Administers a broad program related to surveillance of diseases and behaviors that lead to disease and disability. The CDC also publishes recommendations about the prevention and control of infections and administers a national health program.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
It is where routine health screening, illness diagnosis, and treatment are done. Does not require the expertise of registered nurses (RNs).
Physicians’ Offices
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
Agencies that deliver medical care on an outpatient basis may be located in hospitals, may be a free-standing service provided by a group of healthcare providers who work together.
Ambulatory Care Centers
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
Provides exercise facilities and coordinates health promotion activities which include work safety and health education, annual employee health screening for tuberculosis, and maintaining immunization information; screening for health problems like hypertension and obesity, caring for employees following injury, and counseling.
Occupational Health Clinics
Types of Hospitals
- Governmental (public) - either federal, state, county, or city hospitals.
- Nongovernmental (private) - are often operated by churches, companies, communities, and charitable organizations.
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Classification of Hospitals
Admit clients requiring a variety of services, such as medical, surgical, obstetric, pediatric, and psychiatric services. Other hospitals offer only specialty services, such as psychiatric or pediatric care.
General Hospitals
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Classification of Hospitals
Provides assistance to clients whose illness and need for hospitalization are relatively short term, for example, several days.
Acute care hospital
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Classification of Hospitals
Usually have inpatient beds, emergency services, diagnostic facilities, ambulatory surgery centers, pharmacy services, intensive and coronary care services, and multiple outpatient services provided by clinics.
Urban hospitals
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Classification of Hospitals
Limited to inpatient beds, radiology and laboratory services, and basic emergency services.
Rural Hospitals
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES: Classification of Hospitals
Provides a significant level of care to low-income, uninsured, and vulnerable populations.
Safety-net hospital
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
Inpatient care designed for those who has an acute illness, injury, or exacerbation of a disease process.
Subacute Care Facilities
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
Formerly called nursing homes
Extended (Long-Term) Care Facilities
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
Formerly called nursing homes
Extended (Long-Term) Care Facilities
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
- consist of separate houses, condominiums, or apartments for residents. Residents live relatively independently; however, many of these facilities offer meals, laundry services, nursing care, transportation, and social activities.
Retirement and Assisted Living Centers
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
Plays an important role in assisting clients to restore their health and recuperate, independent community centers or special units
Rehabilitation Centers
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
Provides many different health-related services, including skilled nursing assessment, teaching and
support of patients and family members, and direct care for patients.
Home Health Care Agencies
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
Provides care for infants and children while parents’ work, provide care and nutrition for adults who cannot be left at home, provides counseling and physical therapy.
Day Care Centers
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
Provides emergency care to clients in rural areas.
Rural Care
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
interprofessional health care service for the dying, provided in the home or another health care setting. Its central concept is to maintain the quality of life until death.
Hospice Services
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
provide emergency services to clients experiencing life crises. Its primary purpose is to help people cope with an immediate crisis and then provide guidance and support for long term therapy.
Crisis Centers
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
Such groups arose largely because people felt their needs were not being met by the existing health care system. Example: Alcoholics Anonymous
Mutual Support and Self-Help Groups
PROVIDERS OF HEALTH CARE
- Physician
- Physician Assistant
- Physical Therapist
- Respiratory Therapist
- Occupational Therapist
- Speech Therapist
- Dietitian
- Pharmacist
- Social Worker
- Unlicensed Assistive Personnel
- Nurse
METHODS OF HEALTHCARE DELIVERY
- Managed Care Systems
- Case Management
- Primary Healthcare
- Differentiated Practice
- Case Method
- Functional Method
- Team Nursing
- Primary Nursing
A nurse who has completed a master’s degree in specialty and has considerable clinical expertise in that specialty.
Clinical Specialists
a nurse who has completed either as certificate program or a master’s degree in a specialty and is also certified by the appropriate specialty organization.
Nurse Practitioner
a nurse who has completed a program in midwifery; provides prenatal and postnatal care and delivers babies to woman with uncomplicated pregnancies.
Nurse-midwife
a nurse who completed the course of study in an anesthesia school and carries out pre-operative status of clients.
Nurse anesthetist
A nurse usually with advanced degree, who beaches in clinical or educational settings, teaches theoretical knowledge, clinical skills and conduct research.
Nurse Educator
a nurse who has an advanced degree, and manages health-related business.
Nurse Entrepreneur
a nurse who functions at various levels of management in health settings; responsible for the management and administration of resources and personnel involved in giving patient care.
Nurse administrator
Fields and Opportunities in Nursing
a nurse working in an institution with patients
Example: rehabilitation, lying-in, etc.
Hospital/Institutional Nursing
Fields and Opportunities in Nursing
usually deals with families and communities. (No confinement, OPD only)
Example: Barangay Health Center
Public Health Nursing/Community Health Nursing
Fields and Opportunities in Nursing
A privately hired nurse
Private Duty/special Duty Nurse –
Fields and Opportunities in Nursing
a nurse working in factories, office, companies
Industrial/Occupational Nursing
Fields and Opportunities in Nursing
nurses working in school, review center and in hospital as a CI.
Nursing Education
Fields and Opportunities in Nursing
nurses working in a military base.
Military Nurse
Fields and Opportunities in Nursing
nurses working in a private and public clinic
Clinic Nurse
Fields and Opportunities in Nursing
private practice, BP monitoring, home service.
– Independent Nurse Practitioner.
Independent Nursing Practice
Fields and Opportunities in Nursing
conduct scientific studies, analyze data, and report their findings about illnesses and
improving healthcare
Nurse Researcher
traditionally defined in terms of the presence or absence of disease.
HEALTH
Who said:
a state of being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent
(Florence Nightingale, 1860/1969).
Who said:
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
(WHO, 1974).
it is a biological being
Man
Who said:
a unified whole composed of parts which are interrelated and interdependent with each other
Rogers
who described man as a unified whole composed of parts which are interrelated and interdependent with each
other
Rogers
Who described man as an open system in constant interaction with the changing environment
Roy
Who described man as a unity who can be viewed as functioning biologically, symbolically, and socially and who
initiates and perform self-care activities on her behalf in maintaining life, and well-being
Orem
Who described man as an individual with vital reparative processes to deal with disease and desirous of health but
passive in terms of influencing the environment or nurse
Nightingale
Who described man as a whole, complete, and independent being who ahs 14 fundamental needs to: breath, eat
and drink, eliminate, move and maintain posture, sleep and rest, dress and undress,
maintain body temperature, keep clean, avoid danger, communicate, worship, work, play,
and learn
Henderson
Seven (7) Components of Wellness
the ability to promote health measures that improve the standard of living and quality of life in the community.
Environmental
Seven (7) Components of Wellness
the ability to interact successfully with people and within the environment, to develop and maintain intimacy with significant others, and to develop respect and tolerance for those with different opinions and beliefs.
Social
Seven (7) Components of Wellness
the ability to manage stress and to express emotions appropriately.
Emotional
Seven (7) Components of Wellness
the ability to carry out daily tasks, achieve fitness, maintain adequate nutrition and proper body fat.
Physical
Seven (7) Components of Wellness
the belief in some force (nature, science, religion, or a higher power) that serves to unite human beings and provide meaning and purpose to life.
Spiritual
Seven (7) Components of Wellness
the ability to learn and use information effectively for personal, family, and career development.
Intellectual
Seven (7) Components of Wellness
the ability to achieve a balance between work and leisure time.
Occupational
Who proposed the Seven (7) Components of Wellness
Anspaugh, Hamrick, and Rosato (2011)
The word nurse originated from the Latin word _______ meaning “______.”
nutrix ; “to nourish”
the Recipients of Nursing are
- Patient
2. Client
a person who engages the advice or services of another who is qualified to provide this service.
presents the receivers of health care as collaborators in the care, that is, as people who are also
responsible for their own health.
Client
a person who is waiting for or undergoing medical treatment and care.
comes from a Latin word meaning “to suffer” or “to bear.”
the person receiving health care or seek assistance because of illness or for surgery.
Patient
What are the Scopes of Nursing?
- Promoting health and wellness
- Preventing illness
- Restoring health
- Caring for the dying
Professional Responsibilities and Roles of Nursing
- Caregiver/ Care provider
- Teacher
- Counselor
- Change agent
- Client advocate
- Manager
- Researcher
the founder of the American Red Cross, tended soldiers on the battlefields, cleansing their wounds, meeting their basic needs, and comforting them in death.
Clara Barton
