Module 1 Chpt 1,2,3

Question 1

Disiplined research stands in contrast to what

Answer 1

tradition, authority, personal experience, trial and error, and logical reasoning

Question 2

positivist paradigm

Answer 2

assumed objective reality and natural phenom are orderly

Question 3

determinism

Answer 3

part of positivist paradigm - belief that phenomena result from prior causes and are not haphazard

Question 4

constructivist (naturalistic paradigm

Answer 4

reality is not fixed but is a construct of the human mind - the truth is a combination of multiple constructs of reality

Question 5

what type of research is closely related to positivist?

Answer 5

quantitative research

Question 6

quantitative research

Answer 6

collection and analysis of numerical data - typically the scientific method - systematic and controlled.
Empirical evidence with a strive for generalizability.

Question 7

what type of research is closely related to constructivist?

Answer 7

qualitative research

Question 8

qualitative research

Answer 8

emphasis on the understanding of human experience, as it is lived through the collection and analysis of subjective, narrative materials

Question 9

basic research

Answer 9

extend knowledge for the sake of knowledge

Question 10

applied research

Answer 10

discovering solutions to immediate problems

Question 11

cause-probing

Answer 11

designed to illuminate the underlying cause of phenomina

Question 12

description/explanation continuum

Answer 12

identification, description, exploration, prediction/control, and explanation

Question 13

EBP aims

Answer 13

therapy/intervention
diagnosis/assessment
prognosis
etiology of harm (cause/prevention)
description
meaning/process

Question 14

inductive reasoning

Answer 14

developing generalizations from specifics

Question 15

deductive reasoning

Answer 15

developing specifics from generalizations

Question 16

components of EBP

Answer 16

1. best research evidence
2. your own clinical knowledge
3. patient preferences, values and circumstances

Question 17

Cochrane collaborative

Answer 17

prepares and disseminates reviews of research evidence for healthcare decision making

Question 18

research utilization

Answer 18

like EBP BUT it starts with research-based innovation that is evaluated for possible use in practice

Question 19

Knowledge translation

Answer 19

system-wide efforts to enhance systemitic change in clinical practice or policies

Question 20

6S hierarchy

Answer 20

6 - systems
5 - summaries 
4 - synopses of synthesis
3 - synthesis
2 - synopses of single studies
1 - single studies

Question 21

systematic reviews

Answer 21

rigorous integrations of research evidence from multiple studies on a topic
QUALTITATIVE - metasynthesis or meta-aggregation
QUANTITATIVE - meta-analysis

Question 22

clinical practice guidelines

Answer 22

combination of synthesis and appraisal of research and evidence from a systematic review

Question 23

level of evidence scales

Answer 23

rank evidence source

Question 24

5 A’s

Answer 24

ask . aquire . appraise . apply . assess

Question 25

concepts

Answer 25

building blocks of theories - systematic explanations of some aspects of the real world

Question 26

conceptual definition

Answer 26

abstract or theoretical meaning of a concept being studied

Question 27

operational definition

Answer 27

specifies how the variable will be measurell

Question 28

cause and effect (causal)

Answer 28

when the IV is a cause of the DV

Question 29

associative relationship

Answer 29

variables are related but in a noncausa way

Question 30

Grounded theory

Answer 30

seeks to describe and understand key social psychological processes that occur in social settings

Question 31

phenomenology

Answer 31

focuses on the lived experiences ofhumans and is an approach to learning what the life experiences of people are like and what they mean

Question 32

Ethnography

Answer 32

framework for studying the meanings, patterns, and lifeways of culture in a holistic fashion

Question 33

phases of quantitative research

Answer 33

conceptual, planning, empirical, analytic and dissemination

Question 34

conceptual phase

Answer 34

1. define the problem
2. doing a literature review
3. engaging in clinical fieldwork4. developing a framework and conceptual definitions
4. formulating a hypothesis

Question 35

planning phase

Answer 35

6. selecting a research design
7. developing intervention protocols (if experimental)
8. specify the population
9. developing a sampling plan
10. specifying methods to measure research variables
11. safeguarding the rights of the participants
12. finalizing research plan (pretesting instruments)

Question 36

empirical phase

Answer 36

13. collecting data

14. preparing data for analysis

Question 37

analytic phase

Answer 37

15. analyzing through statistics

16. interpretation

Question 38

dissemination phase

Answer 38

17. research report

18. promoting use in nursing practice

Question 39

emergent design

Answer 39

a qualitative study design that evolves during data collection

Question 40

qualitative design flow

Answer 40

a broad question requiring gain entree from gatekeepers. Interactive fashion - select informants, collect data, analyze and interperate in an interactive fashion

Question 41

IMRAD

Answer 41

introduction, methods, results, and Discussion