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Pharmacology 3 > Module 1: Chapter 7 Life Span: pregnant or Breast-feeding women > Flashcards

Module 1: Chapter 7 Life Span: pregnant or Breast-feeding women Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Most drugs given during pregnancy will not pass to the fetus

A

False: unlike the BBB the placenta allows most drugs to travel through the maternal circulation to the fetus

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2
Q

what is the most important consideration in drug therapy for pregnant women

A

the potential adverse effects on the developing fetus

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3
Q

true or false: some health problems occur secondarily to pregnancy and require drug therapy

A

true

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4
Q

how is a fetus treated if it has health problems

A

drugs are administered to the pregnant woman with the intent of treating the fetus as the drug passes through the placenta

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5
Q

physiological and anatomic changes occur during pregnancy that can alter the _______ of drugs

A

pharmacokinetics

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6
Q

what systems are primary anatomic and physiologic changes seen in with a pregnant woman

A 
endocrine
GI
cardiovascular
circulatory 
renal system
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7
Q

What are the changes in the GI system influenced by during pregnancy

A

pregnancy hormones and pressure from growing uterus

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8
Q

what hormone decreases gastric tone and motility and prolongs stomach emptying time

A

progesterone

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9
Q

what hormone also promotes functional respiratory system changes during pregnancy

A

progesterone

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10
Q

tidal volume during pregnancy increases by what

A

30-40%

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11
Q

tidal volume increases by what % in minute volume by term

A

50%

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12
Q

what will the effect of inhaled medications during pregnancy

A

increased absorption due to increased tidal volume

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13
Q

hemodynamic changes in the cardiovascular system alter drug _________ and _________

A

distribution and metabolism

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14
Q

are drugs that are passed through out the mothers body are usually passed in large amounts in breast milk

A

no, usually in minimal amounts

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15
Q

are all drugs present in breast milk well absorbed by the neonate

A

no

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16
Q

is drug metabolism altered by pregnancy or breast feeding

A

no

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17
Q

by the third trimester the renal blood flow has increased by what % compared to pre-pregnancy level

A

40-50%

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18
Q

what does glomerular filtration rate increase by in pregnancy

A

50%

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19
Q

can drug excretion rates be increased during pregnancy

A

yes

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20
Q

what are the two dramatic physical changes occur in the mother during pregnancy

A

CO is increased by 50% at 32 weeks

second trimester on arterial blood pressure is decreased

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21
Q

what are teratogenic effects

A

physical defects on a fetus

22
Q

true or false: precise effects of drug therapy on a fetus are mostly undetermined

A

true

23
Q

how are drugs identified as a teratogen

A

based on the findings of animal teratology studies

24
Q

what are category A drugs

A

drugs that fail to demonstratre a risk to the fetus

25
Q

what are categroy b drugs

A

animal studies that fail to demonstrate a risk but there are no controlled human studeins in pregnant women; or animal studies that demonstrate fetal risk that was not confirmed in controlled human studies in pregnant women

26
Q

what are category c drugs

A

animal studies demonstrate fetal risk
no controlled human studeins in pregnant women to rule out fetal risk
drugs are given if the benefit justifies the risk

27
Q

what are category D drugs

A

controlled human studies demonstrate positive evidence fetal risk
in life-threatening situations, the benefit may be acceptable despite the risk

28
Q

what are category x drugs

A

controlled human studies demonstrate fetal risk. the fetal risk outweighs any possible benefit.
use in pregnant or potentailly pregnant women is contraindicated

29
Q

what happened in 2005 regarding the american academy of pediatrics committee on drugs

A

published its updated recommendations on drugs and breast-feeding

30
Q

what does the report publihsed by the american academy of pediatrics committee on drugs identify

A

several categories of drugs and their potential to cause problems with breast-feeding

31
Q

true or false: common symptoms of pregnancy do not mask the adverese effects of drug therapy

A

false they do

32
Q

when is the critical period of organogenesis

A

from implantation up to approximately 58-60 days after contraception

33
Q

what is organogenesis

A

development of organs

34
Q

when should drugs that cause teratogenic effects definitely not be administered

A

during the period of organogensis

35
Q

are drug interactions changed during pregnancy and breast-feeding

A

no

36
Q

what are 3 common complications of pregnancy

A

heartburn
hypotension
nausea

37
Q

what are the 4 prior conditions of concern in pregnant women that need to be closely monitored

A

cardiovascular
seizure disorders
depression
diabetes mellitus

38
Q

why are cardiovascular conditions of concern when a woman becomes pregnant

A

because changes in teh cardiovascular system occur

39
Q

why are seizure disorders of concern in a woman that becomes pregnatn

A

because antiseizure medication have been shown to be teratogenic

40
Q

why is depression a condition of concern when a woman with depression becomes pregnant

A

unclear about long-term effects on the fetus

41
Q

why is the condition of DM a concern in a woman that becomes pregnatn

A

increased incidents of congenital abnormalities

42
Q

why are teenaged girls at addition risk for teratogenic drug effects

A

because of sharing of prescription medication

43
Q

true or false: alcohol is a known human teratogen

A

treu

44
Q

what effect does cocaine abuse have on a fetus

A

causes adverse fetal effects and is suspected to be a human teratogen

45
Q

what effect does opiate abuse have on a fetus

A

not appear to significantly increase the risk for congenital anamolies

46
Q

can cultural beliefs affect whether a woman accepts certain drug therapies while she is pregnant or breast-feeding

A

yes

47
Q

true or flase: limitiing drug use in pregnancy decrease maternal and fetal adverse effects

A

true

48
Q

should some drugs be considered absolutely safe when administered during pregnancy

A

no

49
Q

what should women of childbearing age be assessed for before any drug therapy is initiated

A

pregnancy

50
Q

what should be considered before drug therapy during pregnancy

A

nonpharmacologic alternatives

51
Q

when evaluating a pregnant patient during drug therapy what must you be careful to distinguish between

A

discomforts of pregnancy from possible adverse drug effects

52
Q

the nurse’s role in conseling about pregnancy and fetal drug effects ideally begins before when

A

the pregnancy

Pharmacology 3 (6 decks)

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