Module 1: Carbohydrates I Part 2

Question 1

Dehydrogenase

Answer 1

Oxidizes substrate using cofactors as electron acceptor or donor (pyruvate dehydrogenase)

Question 2

Reductase

Answer 2

Adds electrons from some reduced cofactor (enoyl ACP reductase)

Question 3

Kinase

Answer 3

Phosphorylates substrate (hexokinase)

Question 4

Hydrolases

Answer 4

Uses water to cleave a molecule

Question 5

Phosphatase

Answer 5

Hydrolyzes phosphate esters (glucose-6-phosphatase)

Question 6

Esterase (lipase)

Answer 6

Hydrolyzes esters (those that act on lipid esters are lipases)
(lipoprotein lipase)

Question 7

Thioesterases

Answer 7

Hydrolyzes thioesters

Question 8

Thiolase

Answer 8

Uses thiol to assist in forming thioester (β-ketothiolase)

Question 9

Isomerases

Answer 9

Interconversions of isomers (example aldose to ketose) (triose
phosphate isomerase)

Question 10

Mutase

Answer 10

Shifting groups from one part of molecule to another

phosphoglucomutase

Question 11

Carboxylase

Answer 11

Adds carboxyl group (pyruvate carboxylase)

Question 12

Decarboxylase

Answer 12

Removes carboxyl group (pyruvate decarboxylase)

Question 13

Oxidases

Answer 13

Uses molecular oxygen as electron acceptor (cytochrome c oxidase)

Question 14

Hydroxylase

Answer 14

Adds hydroxyl group (steroid hydroxylases)

Question 15

Transferase

Answer 15

Transfers chemical group from one molecule to another or within same molecule (fatty acyl transferase)

Question 16

Hydrase (hydratase)

Answer 16

Adds water to double bond (enoyl CoA hydrase)

Question 17

Dehydrase (dehydratase)

Answer 17

Removes water (β-hydroxyacyl ACP dehydratase) (when making enol, enolase)

Question 18

Lyase

Answer 18

Splits a molecule often with electronic rearrangement but no water
involvement (citrate lyase)

Question 19

Ligase

Answer 19

Creates a new chemical bond joining two molecules with electronic
rearrangement and no water involvement

Question 20

Phosphorylase

Answer 20

Cleaves bond with incorporation of phosphate into the product
(glycogen phosphorylase)

Question 21

Pyrophosphorylase

Answer 21

cleaves bond yielding pyrophosphate as one of the products

UDPG pyrophosphorylase

Question 22

Synthetase

Answer 22

Synthesizes product using nucleotide triphosphate (ATP) as

substrate (fatty acyl CoA synthetase)

Question 23

Synthase

Answer 23

Synthesizes product without ATP requirement (HMGCoA synthase)

Question 24

Red blood cells (RBC’s)

Answer 24

Rely exclusively for energy (no mitochondria)

Question 25

Skeletal muscle

Answer 25

Source of energy during exercise, particularly high intensity exercise

Question 26

Adipose tissue

Answer 26

• Source of glycerol-P for TG synthesis

- Source of acetyl-CoA for FA synthesis

Question 27

Liver

Answer 27

• Source of acetyl-CoA for FA synthesis

- Source of glycerol-P for TG synthesis