module 1 botany Flashcards
1
Q
Plant Biology
It focus on the morphology, anatomy, physiology and ecology of plants.
A
Botany
2
Q
Biological levels of organization
A
MOCTOOPCEB
3
Q
Photosynthesis
A
Anabolism
4
Q
Cellular Respiration
A
Catabolism
5
Q
Two most important energy related activities in the living world
A
photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
6
Q
are any chemical / physical
changes in their environment that
creates response.
A
Stimuli
7
Q
Increase in the number of cells and an increase in the size of cells.
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Plants grow and develop
8
Q
Life cycle = immature (juvenile) stage to mature (adult) stage until to its death
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Development
9
Q
the formation of a new individual by sexual or asexual means.
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Reproduction
10
Q
enables an organism to perpetuate its traits beyond an individual’s own death.
A
Reproduction
11
Q
what are the six kingdoms
A
Archaea, Bacteria, Protista (protozoa, algae, water molds, and slime molds), Fungi (molds and yeasts), Animalia, and Plantae.
12
Q
3 unicellular
A
Bacteria, Archaea, Protista
13
Q
4 eukaryotes
A
Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
14
Q
basta naay chitin
A
fungi
15
Q
Taxonomic Hierarchy
A
KDCOFGS
16
Q
Biological Classification
A
Carolous Linnaeus
Linnean System
Binomial System
17
Q
Scientific Method
A
MCTD
18
Q
is a key component of the scientific method.
A
Critical thinking
19
Q
is very tentative; it can be easily changed
A
hypothesis
20
Q
aren’t likely to change.
A
Theories
21
Q
is a relationship that exists between variables in a group of data.
A
Laws
22
Q
area of study or concern
A
field
23
Q
chemical interactions within plants
A
plant biochemistry
24
Q
Structure functions and life processes of plant cells
A
plant cell biology
25
microscopic plant structure
plant anatomy
26
plant functions and processes such as photosynthesis and mineral nutrition
plant physiology
27
structures of plant parts such as leaves
plant morphology
28
plant heredity and variation make up
plant genetics
29
interrelationships among plants
plant ecology
30
evolutionary relationships among plant groups
plant systematics
31
a subdiscipline among systematics deals with the description naming and classification of plants
plant taxonomy
32
evolution of plants in the geologic past
paleobotany
33
algae
phycology
34
bryology
mosses
35
ferns and allies
pteridology
36
field crops and soils
agronomy
37
ornamental plants and fruit and vegetable crops
horticuture
38
forest conservation and forest products
forestry
39
plants with commercial importance
economic botany
40
From simple bacteria which gradually increased in complexity through evolution by natural selection by million of years.
Evolution of Vascular and Seed Plants
41
New features come about periodically
mutations
42
determines which new features are eliminated and which are passed on to future generations.
natural selection
43
what are the general characteristics of plants
Plants are highly organized.
Plants take in and use energy.
Plants respond to stimuli
Plants grow and develop
Plants reproduce
44
Origin of Plant from Aquatic Ancestors:
Charophytes Bryophytes
45
Formation of cuticle and jacketed gametangia.
Charophytes Bryophytes
46
Diversification of Vascular Plants:
Bryophytes Pteridophytes
47
Development of plants with lignin-hardened vascular tissues
Bryophytes Pteridophytes
48
Evolution of Seed
Pteridophytes Gymnosperms
49
Formation of seeds to protect the embryo from desiccation and other hazards
Pteridophytes Gymnosperms
50
Evolution of Flowering Plants::
Gymnosperms Angiosperms
51
life cycle in which an organism has both haploid and diploid multicellular stages (n represents the number of copies of chromosomes)
Alternation of Generations
52
seedless non-vascular plants
Bryophytes
53
Gametophyte-dominated life cycle
Bryophytes
54
seedless vascular plants
Pteridophytes
55
Both haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations are independent and free-living
Pteridophytes
56
Sporophyte is larger than the gametophyte
Pteridophytes
57
Naked seed, Vascular Plant
Gymnosperm
58
Dominant diploid sporophyte generation
Gymnosperm
59
do not have flowers, have “naked” seeds, and do not have double fertilization
Gymnosperm
60
Microspores (pollen grains)
male gametophytes
61
megaspores, (ovule)
female gametophytes
62
Dominant diploid sporophyte generation
Heterosporous
Angiosperm
63
function photosynthesis
shoot
64
function transport of food and water
shoot and root system
65
function reproduction
shoot and root system
66
function storage
shoot
67
function anchorage
root system
68
function absorption of water and minerals
root system
69
causes primary growth length of plant
Apical Meristems
70
occurs at tips of shoot and root
Apical Meristems
71
produces new leaves and flowers
Apical Meristems
72
causes secondary growth widening of plants
Lateral Meristems
73
occurs at the cambium
Lateral Meristems
74
produces bark on trees
Lateral Meristems
75
General Plan Organization
Shoot system
Above ground
Leaves, buds, stems, flowers and fruits
76
rootlike structure
rhizoids
77
carry out rooting functions in the gametophytes
rhizoids
78
water transport and adhesion to surfaces in some mosses and liverworts.
rhizoids
79
a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage of development of the gametophyte
protonema
80
is produced from the spores and gives rise to new plants.
protonema
81
a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage of a bryophyte life cycle.
protonema
82
helps in the formation of number of moss plants
protonema
83
initiates the accumulation of hormones that influence the further growth of newly formed cells.
protonema
84
one of the two alternating multicellular phases in the life cycles of plants and algae
gametophyte
85
a haploid multicellular organism that develops from a haploid spore that has one set of chromosomes
gametophyte
86
is the sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae.
gametophyte
87
produce haploid gametes.
gametophyte
88
produces sex cells in plants and algae that undergo alternation of generations.
gametophyte
89
contain one complete chromosome set
Haploid
90
contain two complete sets
diploid
91
the diploid multicellular stage in the life cycle of a plant or alga
sporophyte
92
It develops from the zygote produced when a haploid egg cell is fertilized by a haploid sperm
sporophyte
93
the nonsexual phase (or an individual representing the phase) in the alternation of generations
sporophyte
94
primary purpose is to produce spores.
sporophyte
95
undergo meiosis
sporophyte
96
undergo mitosis
gametophytes
97
the female reproductive organ in ferns and mosses
archegonia
98
The female gametangium, a haploid structure that produces female gametes or eggs.
archegonia
99
The male sex organ, the antheridium, is a saclike structure made up of a jacket of sterile cells one cell thick; it encloses many cells, each of which, when mature, produces one sperm.
antheridia
100
produces and stores numerous sperm cells
antheridia
101
a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion with another reproductive cell.
spore
102
is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival
spore
103
the stalk supporting the capsule of a moss or liverwort and supplying it with nutrients.
seta
104
a slender usually rigid or bristly and springy organ or part of an animal or plant.
seta
105
a dehiscent fruit which, at maturity, split apart (dehisce) to release the seeds within
capsule
106
female gametes are called
eggs
107
male gametes are called
sperms
108
the gametophyte of ferns and other primitive plants.
heart shaped
prothallus
109
is the gametophyte of the plant that is they are responsible for producing the gametes which are the male and female sex cells of the plants
prothallus
110
brownish or yellowish cluster of spore-producing structures (sporangia) usually located on the lower surface of fern leaves.
sorus
111
fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm).
zygote
112
the cell formed when two gametes fuse during fertilization.
zygote
113
one of the young coiled fronds of some ferns (such as the ostrich fern) that are often cooked and eaten as a vegetable Before the tightly coiled frond of the young fern uncurls
fiddlehead
114
the stage of development of a fern when the fronds are coiled
fiddlehead
115
a seed-bearing organ on gymnosperm plants. It is usually woody, ovoid to globular
female cone
seed cone
116
is to keep a pine tree's seeds safe
seed cone
117
male cone
pollen cones
118
the male fruiting body of a pine tree.
pollen cones
119
are usually much smaller and less conspicuous, tend to whither up and die after releasing their pollen
pollen cones
120
are sporangia that produce microspores that give rise to male gametophytes when they germinate.
microsporangia
121
occur in all vascular plants that have heterosporic life cycles, such as seed plants, spike mosses and the aquatic fern genus Azolla
microsporangia
122
produce microspores, which develop into pollen grains
microsporangia
123
the structure in certain spore-bearing plants in which the megaspores are formed:
megasporangium
124
nag bare lang jud sa male gametes or sperm
antheridia
125
is the structure of a plant body which contains female reproductive organ . It can be called ovule
megasporangium
