Module 1 - Bichemistry & Bonds Flashcards
How do carbon atoms gain this stable outer shell?
By sharing 4 electrons.
What are atoms at their most stable?
When their outer shell contains a certain number of electrons.
Define covalent bond.
These are formed when electrons are shared between atoms. These bonds are very strong. Covalently bonded atoms form new molecules.
What are double bonds?
These are two bonds that form with an atom. A example so this is a C=C double bond I’m hydrocarbons.
What does the term monomer refer to?
A single, small molecule which can join together to form a polymer.
Carbohydrates, Proteins and Nucleic Acids can form Monomers and Polymers. What are they?
Carbohydrate: Monomer = Monosaccharides; Polymer = Polysaccharides.
Proteins: Monomer = Amino Acids; Polymer = Polypeptides and proteins.
Nucleic Acid: Nucleotides; Polymer = DNA and RNA.
What is a condensation reaction?
A chemical reaction that links biological monomers together.
What happens in a condensation reaction?
A water molecule is released, a new covalent bond is formed and a larger molecule is formed by the bonding together of smaller molecules.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
It splits larger molecules into monomers.
What happens in a hydrolysis reaction?
A water molecule is used, a covalent bond is broken and a smaller molecule is formed by the splitting of a larger molecule.
Describe hydrogen bonds.
They form when a slightly negative charged part of a molecule comes close to a slightly positive part of the same or a different molecule.
They weak and can be broken by heat.
