Module 1: Basic tissue types Flashcards
Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found?
Thyroid gland and kidneys
4 types of tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Epithelial tissues
Cover body surfaces and line hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts
Forms glands
Allows the body to interact with both its internal and external environments
Connective tissues
Protect and support the body and its organs
Bind together, support, and strengthen other body tissues
Store energy reserves as fat
Main source of immune responses
Apocrine glands
Found in the axillary regions (armpits) and genital areas
Become active during puberty
Sebaceous glands
Secrete sebum
Associated with hair follicles
Helps to waterproof hair and skin and inhibits growth of bacteria on skin surface
Exocrine glands
Secrete their products into ducts that carry the secretions into body cavities, into the lumen of an organ, or to the outer surface of the body
Eg. sweat glands, salivary glands, mucous glands
Endocrine glands
Secrete their products into theinterstitial fluid surrounding the secretory cells rather than into ducts, then diffusedirectly into the bloodstream
Have far reaching effects because they are distributed throughout the body by the bloodstream
Eg. pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland
4 types of neuroglia
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglias, ependymal cells
The term mesothelium refers to the lining of what?
Serous body cavity
Main functions of epithelial tissue
Absorption, protection, secretion
Four ways to classify exocrine glands
Duct arrangement (simple/compound)
Shape of secretory unit (tubular/acinar/tubuloacinar)
Type of secretion (serous/mucous/seromucous)
Means of discharge (merocrine/apocrine/holocrine)
What do serous glands secrete?
A watery secretion containing enzymes
Which type of glands only secrete after puberty?
Apocrine
3 shapes of a secretory unit
Tubular - shaped like a tube, can be coiled or branched
Acinar - sac-like
Tubuloacinar - combination of both tubular and acinar structures
2 other names for cardiac muscle
Myocardium, heart muscle
2 other names for skeletal muscle
Voluntary muscle, striated muscle
2 other names for smooth muscle
Visceral muscle, involuntary muscle
3 contractile cells which function on their own, and their locations
Myoepithelial - secretory glands
Pericytes - surround blood vessels
Myofibrils - scar formation, secrete collagen
What is ground substance composed of?
Proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins
How does ground substance appear microscopically after routine staining?
Unstained
The sheets formed by elastic fibers are called:
elastic laminae
Function of adipose tissue
Padding/cushion
Insulation against heat loss
Energy reserve
Fibroblast function
Secrete extracellular matrix of collagen and elastin
Chondrocyte function
Secrete extracellular matrix of cartilage
Myofibroblast function
Contractile and secretory function
What does white matter consist of?
Nerve fibers
In what part of the central nervous system are Purkinje cells found?
Cerebellum
What does Nissl substance represent?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Where is Nissl substance found?
Perikaryon, dendrites
Cytoplasm of neurons
Perikaryon
Perikaryon
Cytoplasm of neurons
Where would you find transitional epithelium?
Urinary bladder
Another name for merocrine glands
Eccrine glands
Another name for eccrine glands
Merocrine glands
Holocrine glands
Whole secretory cells are discharged and they disintegrate to allow release of the secretory products
Eg sebaceous glands
Is the pancreas an exocrine or an endocrine gland?
Both
Type of specialized support cell that secretes collagen and elastin (ECM)
Fibroblasts
Type of cell responsible for the myelination of axons in the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
