Module 1 B

Question 1

White male privilege

Answer 1

refers to “advantages that accrue to individuals by virtue of their group membership rather than through their individual effort

Question 2

Earned advantages

Answer 2

refer to those advantages that are gained through effort

Question 3

Unearned advantages

Answer 3

Privilege

Question 4

Invisible knapsack

Answer 4

to represent the idea of white privilege.

Question 5

Hegemonic masculinity

Answer 5

the preferred and privileged form of masculinity that is dominant in a culture

Question 6

Gendered division of labour

Answer 6

the “practices and beliefs that shape the types of labour that men and women are expected to perform

Question 7

Reproductive labour

Answer 7

is consistent with a 1950s mindset that women have children, raise children, and maintain the household; this type of labour is valued and has traditionally been normalized as performed by women. Paid maternity leave benefits, for example, have only existed in Canada since 1971. Even today there are criticisms of the structure of employment and the impact of having children during peak career earning time periods for women as compared to men

Question 8

Racialized discourse

Answer 8

ways in which race is invoked or inferred when speaking about particular kinds of people

Question 9

Racialization of crime

Answer 9

The practice by which crime is constructed as a phenomenon connected to specific groups

Question 10

Inferential racism

Answer 10

Instances where racism is deduced and interlaces The way in which particular groups are perceived and talked about

Question 11

Cordial racism

Answer 11

The tendency to privatize and hide race behind a veil of civility

Question 12

Grammar of race

Answer 12

The conceptualization of the commonly held constructs about the inherent characteristics of racial groups, which are based on relationships of power that neutralize inequality between subordinate and dominant groups

Question 13

Social conflict theory

Answer 13

refers to a class of theories that view crime as a function of economic and social conflict.

Question 14

Group conflict theory

Answer 14

George Vold (1958)
Society is comprised of different groups with divergent interests. Not all groups have the same access to law-making. Crime emerges when one group is able to have its interests protected by law leading to the criminalization of other group's interests.
Eg.: Employers may lobby the government to legislate labour groups back to work making the act of striking illegal.

Question 15

Cultural conflict theory

Answer 15

Thorsten Sellin (1938)
Society is comprised of different cultural groups; different cultures have their own conduct norms - values or traditions that govern appropriate conduct.
In complex, heterogeneous societies the conduct norms of some cultural groups may be in conflict with established laws that reflect the conduct norms of dominant groups.

Question 16

Queer theory

Answer 16

A diverse range of theories that focus on gender and sexuality, challenging the notions that heterosexuality is normative and gender is binary.

Question 17

Critical race theory

Answer 17

An interdisciplinary school of thought, which emerged out of legal studies in law, focusing on the intersection between race, law, and power.

Question 18

Gender trouble

Answer 18

The concept that identity – including gender identification – is highly subjective. Our gender is a form of performance.

Question 19

Intersectionality

Answer 19

Oppression of marginalized peoples occurs across multiple dimensions including race, sex, social class, sexual orientation, national origin, etc.

Question 20

Interest convergents

Answer 20

White people support racial justice only when it is consistent or converges with their own interests

Question 21

Stand your ground law

Answer 21

Is a self-defence provision that allows an individual to stand their ground and respond, with lethal force if necessary, when confronted with force in any place where they have the right to be so long as they are not engaged in an unlawful activity.

Question 22

Castle doctrine

Answer 22

allows an individual to defend their property with deadly force.

Question 23

Conduct norms

Answer 23

Values or traditions that govern appropriate conduct.