Module 1 and 2 Flashcards
Bacteria engulfed to form chloroplasts
Cyanobacteria
Bacteria engulfed to form mitochondria
Proteobacteria
Theory of origin of eukaryotes
Endosymbiont theory
3 domains of life
Eukarya, archaea, bacteria
Bacteria
Prokaryotic microorganisms typically having cell walls of peptidoglycan
Chloroplast
Eukaryotic organism not an animal, plant or fungi
Eukaryote
Organism with membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles
Fungi
Eukaryotic organisms with cells walls and that obtain food from other organisms
Peptidoglycan
Polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides
Prokaryote
Organism with cells that lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles
Protist
Any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal or fungus (most unicellular)
Types of monosaccharides
Hexose (6C), pentose (5C)
What are lipids made of
Combinations of glycerol, fatty acids and hydrocarbon rings
Deoxyribose vs ribose sugar
C2 is bonded to H in deoxyribose, OH in ribose (DEOXY ribose)
Plant energy macromolecule
Amylose, amylopectin (starch) (carbohydrate)
Plant structure macromolecule
Cellulose (carbohydrate)
Animal energy molecule
Glycogen (carbohydrate)
Amino acid structure
NH2CHRCOOH (R branch differs between them)
Nucleobase structures
A, G (purines, 2 rings), C, T, U (pyrimidines, 1 ring)
Simple carbohydrates
Monosaccharides (hexose, 6C, pentose, 5C)
Protein functions
Structural, regulatory, contractile, transport, storage, protective, catalytic, toxic
Function of complex carbohydrates
Recognition (cell membrane: pathogens, other cells), energy, structure
Function of lipids
Structural (phospho and glycolipids), regulatory (cholesterol), energy (fat: triacylglycerol)
Biomolecule
A molecule or ion involved in the biological processes of living organisms